Upload 社福支出.html
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社福支出.html
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| 1 |
+
<!DOCTYPE html>
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| 2 |
+
<html lang="zh-Hant">
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| 3 |
+
<head>
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| 4 |
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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| 5 |
+
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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| 6 |
+
<title>銀色海嘯下的財政拔河:高雄社福支出深度報導</title>
|
| 7 |
+
<meta name="description" content="高雄市正迎來超高齡社會的嚴峻挑戰。本專題深入解析市府統計報告,揭示在人口結構快速老化下,老人社福支出如何以驚人速度攀升,對城市財政帶來何種衝擊,以及我們該如何應對這場無法迴避的銀色浪潮。">
|
| 8 |
+
<style>
|
| 9 |
+
/* --- CSS 變數與基本設定 --- */
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| 10 |
+
:root {
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| 11 |
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--c-primary: #0a3d62;
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| 12 |
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--c-secondary: #3c6382;
|
| 13 |
+
--c-accent: #c0392b; /* A more serious accent color */
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| 14 |
+
--c-background: #fdfdfd;
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| 15 |
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--c-text: #333333;
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| 16 |
+
--c-text-light: #f5f5f5;
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| 17 |
+
--c-border: #dddddd;
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| 18 |
+
--font-family-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji";
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| 19 |
+
--max-width: 800px;
|
| 20 |
+
scroll-padding-top: 60px; /* 錨點偏移,避免被 sticky header 擋住 */
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| 21 |
+
}
|
| 22 |
+
|
| 23 |
+
/* --- 重置與基本排版 --- */
|
| 24 |
+
*, *::before, *::after {
|
| 25 |
+
box-sizing: border-box;
|
| 26 |
+
}
|
| 27 |
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|
| 28 |
+
html {
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| 29 |
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scroll-behavior: smooth;
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| 30 |
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}
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| 31 |
+
|
| 32 |
+
body {
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| 33 |
+
margin: 0;
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| 34 |
+
font-family: var(--font-family-sans);
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| 35 |
+
line-height: 1.8;
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| 36 |
+
color: var(--c-text);
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| 37 |
+
background-color: var(--c-background);
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| 38 |
+
font-size: 16px;
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| 39 |
+
}
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| 40 |
+
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| 41 |
+
h1, h2, h3 {
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| 42 |
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line-height: 1.4;
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| 43 |
+
color: var(--c-primary);
|
| 44 |
+
font-weight: 700;
|
| 45 |
+
}
|
| 46 |
+
|
| 47 |
+
h1 { font-size: 2.5rem; }
|
| 48 |
+
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
|
| 49 |
+
h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
|
| 50 |
+
|
| 51 |
+
p {
|
| 52 |
+
margin-top: 0;
|
| 53 |
+
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
|
| 54 |
+
}
|
| 55 |
+
|
| 56 |
+
a {
|
| 57 |
+
color: var(--c-secondary);
|
| 58 |
+
text-decoration: none;
|
| 59 |
+
}
|
| 60 |
+
a:hover {
|
| 61 |
+
text-decoration: underline;
|
| 62 |
+
}
|
| 63 |
+
|
| 64 |
+
/* --- 主要容器與模組 --- */
|
| 65 |
+
.container {
|
| 66 |
+
max-width: var(--max-width);
|
| 67 |
+
margin: 0 auto;
|
| 68 |
+
padding: 0 20px;
|
| 69 |
+
}
|
| 70 |
+
|
| 71 |
+
main > section {
|
| 72 |
+
padding: 60px 0;
|
| 73 |
+
}
|
| 74 |
+
|
| 75 |
+
.divider {
|
| 76 |
+
border: 0;
|
| 77 |
+
height: 1px;
|
| 78 |
+
background-color: var(--c-border);
|
| 79 |
+
margin: 80px auto;
|
| 80 |
+
width: 80%;
|
| 81 |
+
}
|
| 82 |
+
|
| 83 |
+
/* --- 頁首導覽列 --- */
|
| 84 |
+
.main-header {
|
| 85 |
+
position: sticky;
|
| 86 |
+
top: 0;
|
| 87 |
+
width: 100%;
|
| 88 |
+
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
|
| 89 |
+
backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
|
| 90 |
+
z-index: 100;
|
| 91 |
+
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-border);
|
| 92 |
+
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
|
| 93 |
+
}
|
| 94 |
+
|
| 95 |
+
.main-nav {
|
| 96 |
+
display: flex;
|
| 97 |
+
justify-content: center;
|
| 98 |
+
align-items: center;
|
| 99 |
+
height: 60px;
|
| 100 |
+
overflow-x: auto;
|
| 101 |
+
white-space: nowrap;
|
| 102 |
+
}
|
| 103 |
+
|
| 104 |
+
.main-nav a {
|
| 105 |
+
padding: 0 15px;
|
| 106 |
+
font-size: 0.9rem;
|
| 107 |
+
font-weight: 500;
|
| 108 |
+
color: var(--c-secondary);
|
| 109 |
+
transition: color 0.3s ease, border-bottom 0.3s ease;
|
| 110 |
+
border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
|
| 111 |
+
height: 60px;
|
| 112 |
+
display: flex;
|
| 113 |
+
align-items: center;
|
| 114 |
+
}
|
| 115 |
+
|
| 116 |
+
.main-nav a.active, .main-nav a:hover {
|
| 117 |
+
color: var(--c-primary);
|
| 118 |
+
border-bottom-color: var(--c-accent);
|
| 119 |
+
}
|
| 120 |
+
|
| 121 |
+
/* --- 主視覺區 (Hero) --- */
|
| 122 |
+
.hero {
|
| 123 |
+
height: 100vh;
|
| 124 |
+
display: flex;
|
| 125 |
+
align-items: center;
|
| 126 |
+
justify-content: center;
|
| 127 |
+
text-align: center;
|
| 128 |
+
color: var(--c-text-light);
|
| 129 |
+
background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10, 61, 98, 0.85), rgba(60, 99, 130, 0.95));
|
| 130 |
+
padding: 20px;
|
| 131 |
+
}
|
| 132 |
+
|
| 133 |
+
.hero-content {
|
| 134 |
+
max-width: 700px;
|
| 135 |
+
}
|
| 136 |
+
|
| 137 |
+
.hero .tag {
|
| 138 |
+
display: inline-block;
|
| 139 |
+
padding: 5px 15px;
|
| 140 |
+
background-color: var(--c-accent);
|
| 141 |
+
color: var(--c-text-light);
|
| 142 |
+
border-radius: 20px;
|
| 143 |
+
font-size: 0.9rem;
|
| 144 |
+
margin-bottom: 20px;
|
| 145 |
+
font-weight: bold;
|
| 146 |
+
}
|
| 147 |
+
|
| 148 |
+
.hero h1 {
|
| 149 |
+
color: var(--c-text-light);
|
| 150 |
+
margin: 0;
|
| 151 |
+
text-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
|
| 152 |
+
}
|
| 153 |
+
|
| 154 |
+
.hero h2 {
|
| 155 |
+
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
|
| 156 |
+
font-size: 1.5rem;
|
| 157 |
+
font-weight: 400;
|
| 158 |
+
margin: 10px 0 20px 0;
|
| 159 |
+
}
|
| 160 |
+
|
| 161 |
+
.hero .lead {
|
| 162 |
+
font-size: 1.1rem;
|
| 163 |
+
line-height: 1.7;
|
| 164 |
+
max-width: 600px;
|
| 165 |
+
margin: 0 auto;
|
| 166 |
+
}
|
| 167 |
+
|
| 168 |
+
/* --- 總覽區 (Overview) --- */
|
| 169 |
+
.overview ul {
|
| 170 |
+
list-style: none;
|
| 171 |
+
padding: 0;
|
| 172 |
+
display: grid;
|
| 173 |
+
gap: 30px;
|
| 174 |
+
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
|
| 175 |
+
}
|
| 176 |
+
|
| 177 |
+
.overview li {
|
| 178 |
+
background-color: #f8f9fa;
|
| 179 |
+
padding: 25px;
|
| 180 |
+
border-radius: 8px;
|
| 181 |
+
border-left: 5px solid var(--c-accent);
|
| 182 |
+
font-weight: 500;
|
| 183 |
+
}
|
| 184 |
+
|
| 185 |
+
.overview li::before {
|
| 186 |
+
content: '✔';
|
| 187 |
+
color: var(--c-accent);
|
| 188 |
+
margin-right: 10px;
|
| 189 |
+
font-weight: bold;
|
| 190 |
+
}
|
| 191 |
+
|
| 192 |
+
/* --- 章節敘事 --- */
|
| 193 |
+
.section-head {
|
| 194 |
+
text-align: center;
|
| 195 |
+
margin-bottom: 40px;
|
| 196 |
+
}
|
| 197 |
+
|
| 198 |
+
.section-head h3 {
|
| 199 |
+
color: var(--c-accent);
|
| 200 |
+
font-size: 1.1rem;
|
| 201 |
+
margin-bottom: 5px;
|
| 202 |
+
text-transform: uppercase;
|
| 203 |
+
}
|
| 204 |
+
|
| 205 |
+
.section-head h2 {
|
| 206 |
+
margin-top: 0;
|
| 207 |
+
}
|
| 208 |
+
|
| 209 |
+
/* --- 關鍵數字卡 (KPI Card) --- */
|
| 210 |
+
.kpi-grid {
|
| 211 |
+
display: grid;
|
| 212 |
+
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
|
| 213 |
+
gap: 20px;
|
| 214 |
+
margin: 50px 0;
|
| 215 |
+
}
|
| 216 |
+
|
| 217 |
+
.kpi-card {
|
| 218 |
+
background-color: var(--c-secondary);
|
| 219 |
+
color: var(--c-text-light);
|
| 220 |
+
padding: 25px;
|
| 221 |
+
border-radius: 8px;
|
| 222 |
+
text-align: center;
|
| 223 |
+
box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
|
| 224 |
+
display: flex;
|
| 225 |
+
flex-direction: column;
|
| 226 |
+
justify-content: center;
|
| 227 |
+
}
|
| 228 |
+
|
| 229 |
+
.kpi-card .number {
|
| 230 |
+
font-size: 3.5rem;
|
| 231 |
+
font-weight: 700;
|
| 232 |
+
color: var(--c-text-light);
|
| 233 |
+
margin: 0;
|
| 234 |
+
line-height: 1.1;
|
| 235 |
+
}
|
| 236 |
+
.kpi-card .number small {
|
| 237 |
+
font-size: 1.5rem;
|
| 238 |
+
font-weight: 400;
|
| 239 |
+
}
|
| 240 |
+
|
| 241 |
+
.kpi-card .label {
|
| 242 |
+
font-size: 1rem;
|
| 243 |
+
margin: 10px 0 10px 0;
|
| 244 |
+
flex-grow: 1;
|
| 245 |
+
}
|
| 246 |
+
|
| 247 |
+
.kpi-card .source {
|
| 248 |
+
font-size: 0.8rem;
|
| 249 |
+
opacity: 0.7;
|
| 250 |
+
}
|
| 251 |
+
|
| 252 |
+
/* --- 流程/關係圖區 (Flowmap) --- */
|
| 253 |
+
.flowmap-container {
|
| 254 |
+
background-color: #f8f9fa;
|
| 255 |
+
padding: 30px;
|
| 256 |
+
border-radius: 8px;
|
| 257 |
+
margin: 50px 0;
|
| 258 |
+
}
|
| 259 |
+
|
| 260 |
+
.flowmap {
|
| 261 |
+
list-style: none;
|
| 262 |
+
padding: 0;
|
| 263 |
+
display: flex;
|
| 264 |
+
flex-wrap: wrap;
|
| 265 |
+
justify-content: center;
|
| 266 |
+
align-items: center;
|
| 267 |
+
gap: 15px;
|
| 268 |
+
}
|
| 269 |
+
.flowmap li {
|
| 270 |
+
background-color: white;
|
| 271 |
+
padding: 10px 20px;
|
| 272 |
+
border-radius: 50px;
|
| 273 |
+
font-weight: 500;
|
| 274 |
+
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
|
| 275 |
+
position: relative;
|
| 276 |
+
text-align: center;
|
| 277 |
+
}
|
| 278 |
+
.flowmap li:not(:last-child)::after {
|
| 279 |
+
content: '→';
|
| 280 |
+
color: var(--c-accent);
|
| 281 |
+
font-size: 1.5rem;
|
| 282 |
+
font-weight: bold;
|
| 283 |
+
margin-left: 15px;
|
| 284 |
+
}
|
| 285 |
+
|
| 286 |
+
/* --- 時間軸 (Timeline) --- */
|
| 287 |
+
.timeline {
|
| 288 |
+
position: relative;
|
| 289 |
+
max-width: 600px;
|
| 290 |
+
margin: 50px auto;
|
| 291 |
+
}
|
| 292 |
+
.timeline::after {
|
| 293 |
+
content: '';
|
| 294 |
+
position: absolute;
|
| 295 |
+
width: 3px;
|
| 296 |
+
background-color: var(--c-border);
|
| 297 |
+
top: 0;
|
| 298 |
+
bottom: 0;
|
| 299 |
+
left: 15px;
|
| 300 |
+
}
|
| 301 |
+
.timeline-item {
|
| 302 |
+
padding: 10px 40px;
|
| 303 |
+
position: relative;
|
| 304 |
+
background-color: inherit;
|
| 305 |
+
width: 100%;
|
| 306 |
+
padding-left: 50px;
|
| 307 |
+
padding-bottom: 30px;
|
| 308 |
+
}
|
| 309 |
+
.timeline-item::after {
|
| 310 |
+
content: '';
|
| 311 |
+
position: absolute;
|
| 312 |
+
width: 15px;
|
| 313 |
+
height: 15px;
|
| 314 |
+
background-color: white;
|
| 315 |
+
border: 4px solid var(--c-accent);
|
| 316 |
+
top: 15px;
|
| 317 |
+
left: 8px;
|
| 318 |
+
border-radius: 50%;
|
| 319 |
+
z-index: 1;
|
| 320 |
+
}
|
| 321 |
+
.timeline-content {
|
| 322 |
+
padding: 20px;
|
| 323 |
+
background-color: #f8f9fa;
|
| 324 |
+
position: relative;
|
| 325 |
+
border-radius: 6px;
|
| 326 |
+
}
|
| 327 |
+
.timeline-content .time {
|
| 328 |
+
font-weight: bold;
|
| 329 |
+
color: var(--c-primary);
|
| 330 |
+
}
|
| 331 |
+
.timeline-content .event {
|
| 332 |
+
margin: 5px 0;
|
| 333 |
+
}
|
| 334 |
+
.timeline-content .impact {
|
| 335 |
+
font-size: 0.9rem;
|
| 336 |
+
color: #666;
|
| 337 |
+
}
|
| 338 |
+
|
| 339 |
+
/* --- 拉引語 (Pull Quote) --- */
|
| 340 |
+
.pullquote {
|
| 341 |
+
border-left: 5px solid var(--c-accent);
|
| 342 |
+
padding-left: 25px;
|
| 343 |
+
margin: 50px auto;
|
| 344 |
+
max-width: 80%;
|
| 345 |
+
}
|
| 346 |
+
.pullquote blockquote {
|
| 347 |
+
margin: 0;
|
| 348 |
+
font-size: 1.4rem;
|
| 349 |
+
font-style: italic;
|
| 350 |
+
color: var(--c-secondary);
|
| 351 |
+
}
|
| 352 |
+
.pullquote footer {
|
| 353 |
+
margin-top: 10px;
|
| 354 |
+
font-weight: bold;
|
| 355 |
+
color: var(--c-primary);
|
| 356 |
+
}
|
| 357 |
+
|
| 358 |
+
/* --- 圖片/圖表 --- */
|
| 359 |
+
figure {
|
| 360 |
+
margin: 40px 0;
|
| 361 |
+
text-align: center;
|
| 362 |
+
}
|
| 363 |
+
figure .placeholder {
|
| 364 |
+
width: 100%;
|
| 365 |
+
min-height: 300px;
|
| 366 |
+
background: #f0f2f5;
|
| 367 |
+
display: flex;
|
| 368 |
+
align-items: center;
|
| 369 |
+
justify-content: center;
|
| 370 |
+
color: #666;
|
| 371 |
+
border-radius: 8px;
|
| 372 |
+
font-style: italic;
|
| 373 |
+
padding: 20px;
|
| 374 |
+
border: 1px dashed var(--c-border);
|
| 375 |
+
line-height: 1.6;
|
| 376 |
+
}
|
| 377 |
+
figcaption {
|
| 378 |
+
margin-top: 10px;
|
| 379 |
+
font-size: 0.9rem;
|
| 380 |
+
color: #666;
|
| 381 |
+
text-align: left;
|
| 382 |
+
}
|
| 383 |
+
|
| 384 |
+
/* --- 資料來源 & 製作名單 --- */
|
| 385 |
+
.sources, .credits {
|
| 386 |
+
background-color: #f1f3f5;
|
| 387 |
+
padding: 40px;
|
| 388 |
+
border-radius: 8px;
|
| 389 |
+
margin-top: 60px;
|
| 390 |
+
}
|
| 391 |
+
.sources h3, .credits h3 {
|
| 392 |
+
margin-top: 0;
|
| 393 |
+
border-bottom: 2px solid var(--c-border);
|
| 394 |
+
padding-bottom: 10px;
|
| 395 |
+
}
|
| 396 |
+
.sources ul {
|
| 397 |
+
list-style: square;
|
| 398 |
+
padding-left: 20px;
|
| 399 |
+
}
|
| 400 |
+
.credits p {
|
| 401 |
+
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
|
| 402 |
+
}
|
| 403 |
+
.credits span {
|
| 404 |
+
display: inline-block;
|
| 405 |
+
width: 100px;
|
| 406 |
+
font-weight: bold;
|
| 407 |
+
}
|
| 408 |
+
|
| 409 |
+
/* --- 返回頂部按鈕 --- */
|
| 410 |
+
.back-to-top {
|
| 411 |
+
position: fixed;
|
| 412 |
+
bottom: 30px;
|
| 413 |
+
right: 30px;
|
| 414 |
+
width: 50px;
|
| 415 |
+
height: 50px;
|
| 416 |
+
background-color: var(--c-accent);
|
| 417 |
+
color: white;
|
| 418 |
+
border: none;
|
| 419 |
+
border-radius: 50%;
|
| 420 |
+
font-size: 24px;
|
| 421 |
+
cursor: pointer;
|
| 422 |
+
display: none; /* JS控制顯示 */
|
| 423 |
+
opacity: 0;
|
| 424 |
+
transition: opacity 0.3s, transform 0.3s;
|
| 425 |
+
z-index: 1000;
|
| 426 |
+
box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
|
| 427 |
+
}
|
| 428 |
+
.back-to-top.show {
|
| 429 |
+
display: block;
|
| 430 |
+
opacity: 1;
|
| 431 |
+
}
|
| 432 |
+
|
| 433 |
+
/* --- 響應式設計 --- */
|
| 434 |
+
@media (max-width: 768px) {
|
| 435 |
+
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
|
| 436 |
+
h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
|
| 437 |
+
.hero { height: auto; min-height: 90vh; padding: 60px 20px; }
|
| 438 |
+
.flowmap { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 25px; }
|
| 439 |
+
.flowmap li:not(:last-child)::after { content: '↓'; margin-left: 0; position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: -20px; transform: translateX(-50%); }
|
| 440 |
+
.flowmap li { width: 100%; text-align: center; }
|
| 441 |
+
.pullquote { max-width: 100%; }
|
| 442 |
+
}
|
| 443 |
+
|
| 444 |
+
/* --- 列印樣式 --- */
|
| 445 |
+
@media print {
|
| 446 |
+
body {
|
| 447 |
+
line-height: 1.5;
|
| 448 |
+
font-size: 12pt;
|
| 449 |
+
color: #000;
|
| 450 |
+
}
|
| 451 |
+
.main-header, .back-to-top, .divider {
|
| 452 |
+
display: none;
|
| 453 |
+
}
|
| 454 |
+
main > section {
|
| 455 |
+
padding: 20px 0;
|
| 456 |
+
}
|
| 457 |
+
.hero {
|
| 458 |
+
background: none;
|
| 459 |
+
color: #000;
|
| 460 |
+
height: auto;
|
| 461 |
+
text-align: left;
|
| 462 |
+
}
|
| 463 |
+
.hero h1, .hero h2 {
|
| 464 |
+
color: #000;
|
| 465 |
+
text-shadow: none;
|
| 466 |
+
}
|
| 467 |
+
.kpi-card {
|
| 468 |
+
background-color: #f0f0f0 !important;
|
| 469 |
+
color: #000 !important;
|
| 470 |
+
border: 1px solid #ccc;
|
| 471 |
+
}
|
| 472 |
+
.kpi-card .number, .kpi-card .number small {
|
| 473 |
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color: #000 !important;
|
| 474 |
+
}
|
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a {
|
| 476 |
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text-decoration: underline;
|
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color: #000;
|
| 478 |
+
}
|
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+
figure .placeholder {
|
| 480 |
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border: 1px solid #ccc;
|
| 481 |
+
background: #f0f0f0;
|
| 482 |
+
}
|
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+
}
|
| 484 |
+
</style>
|
| 485 |
+
</head>
|
| 486 |
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<body>
|
| 487 |
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|
| 488 |
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<header class="main-header" aria-label="頁面導覽">
|
| 489 |
+
<nav class="main-nav" id="main-nav">
|
| 490 |
+
<a href="#overview">報告總覽</a>
|
| 491 |
+
<a href="#chapter-1">人口警訊</a>
|
| 492 |
+
<a href="#chapter-2">雙速城市</a>
|
| 493 |
+
<a href="#chapter-3">預算黑洞</a>
|
| 494 |
+
<a href="#chapter-4">財政壓力</a>
|
| 495 |
+
<a href="#chapter-5">未來解方</a>
|
| 496 |
+
<a href="#references">資料來源</a>
|
| 497 |
+
</nav>
|
| 498 |
+
</header>
|
| 499 |
+
|
| 500 |
+
<main>
|
| 501 |
+
<!-- 主視覺區 -->
|
| 502 |
+
<header class="hero" id="hero">
|
| 503 |
+
<div class="hero-content">
|
| 504 |
+
<span class="tag">專題報導</span>
|
| 505 |
+
<h1>銀色海嘯下的財政拔河</h1>
|
| 506 |
+
<h2>高雄如何應對超高齡社會的社福支出考驗?</h2>
|
| 507 |
+
<p class="lead">高雄市正步入超高齡社會,人口結構的劇烈轉變,正悄然牽動著城市財政的每一條神經。本專題深入解析市府統計報告,揭示老人相關社會福利支出如何以驚人速度攀升,對城市預算帶來何種衝擊,又有哪些區域面臨「人口流失」與「扶老重擔」的雙重夾擊?這是一場無法迴避的財政挑戰。</p>
|
| 508 |
+
</div>
|
| 509 |
+
</header>
|
| 510 |
+
|
| 511 |
+
<div class="container">
|
| 512 |
+
<!-- 一頁式總覽 -->
|
| 513 |
+
<section id="overview" aria-labelledby="overview-title">
|
| 514 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 515 |
+
<h2 id="overview-title">報告總覽</h2>
|
| 516 |
+
</div>
|
| 517 |
+
<ul>
|
| 518 |
+
<li><b>人口結構劇變:</b>未來十年(113-123年),高雄市總人口預估將減少15萬人,65歲以上人口將增加至70萬人,並在120年首度超越青壯年核心勞動力(25-44歲)人口。(來源:PDF p.7, p.8)</li>
|
| 519 |
+
<li><b>社福支出飆升:</b>主要老人社福支出在四年內(109-113年)已大幅成長33%,從56億元增至74億元,預計到123年將攀升至119億元,成為財政的沉重壓力。(來源:PDF p.11, p.12-p.15)</li>
|
| 520 |
+
<li><b>區域發展失衡:</b>產業轉型帶動橋頭、仁武人口逆勢成長;但田寮、美濃等偏鄉地區面臨人口減少逾15%及扶老比超過70%的雙重困境,亟需精準的資源配置。(來源:PDF p.9, p.10)</li>
|
| 521 |
+
</ul>
|
| 522 |
+
</section>
|
| 523 |
+
|
| 524 |
+
<hr class="divider">
|
| 525 |
+
|
| 526 |
+
<!-- 章節一 -->
|
| 527 |
+
<section id="chapter-1" aria-labelledby="chapter-1-title">
|
| 528 |
+
<article>
|
| 529 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 530 |
+
<h3>Chapter 1:案例</h3>
|
| 531 |
+
<h2 id="chapter-1-title">警訊:當扶老比成為不可承受之重</h2>
|
| 532 |
+
</div>
|
| 533 |
+
<p>數字的背後,是每個區域正在上演的真實故事。報告預測,到了民國123年,高雄市田寮區的扶老比將高達89%,這意味著平均每100位工作年齡人口,就要扶養89位老年人,同時該區人口在十年間還將銳減23%。(來源:PDF p.10)同樣面臨嚴峻挑戰的還有美濃區(扶老比76%、人口減少16%)和杉林區(扶老比71%、人口減少18%)。這些區域不僅是地圖上的人口負成長熱區,更代表著一種結構性的困境:當地的青壯年勞動力持續外流,留下高比例的長者,社區的照護壓力與經濟活力同步衰退,形成惡性循環。這不僅是地方的難題,更是對整體社會安全網韌性的嚴酷考驗。</p>
|
| 534 |
+
</article>
|
| 535 |
+
|
| 536 |
+
<div class="pullquote">
|
| 537 |
+
<blockquote>田寮、美濃、杉林等區人口減幅超過15%、扶老比逾70%,建議優先納入「高齡照護資源重點布建區」,強化在地老化支撐網絡。</blockquote>
|
| 538 |
+
<footer>—— 報告建議(來源:PDF p.21)</footer>
|
| 539 |
+
</div>
|
| 540 |
+
</section>
|
| 541 |
+
|
| 542 |
+
<!-- 關鍵數字卡 -->
|
| 543 |
+
<section class="kpi-grid" aria-label="關鍵數據">
|
| 544 |
+
<div class="kpi-card">
|
| 545 |
+
<p class="number">-15<small>萬人</small></p>
|
| 546 |
+
<p class="label">未來十年高雄總人口預估減少數</p>
|
| 547 |
+
<p class="source">(來源:PDF p.7)</p>
|
| 548 |
+
</div>
|
| 549 |
+
<div class="kpi-card">
|
| 550 |
+
<p class="number">33<small>%</small></p>
|
| 551 |
+
<p class="label">近四年三大老人社福支出成長率</p>
|
| 552 |
+
<p class="source">(來源:PDF p.11)</p>
|
| 553 |
+
</div>
|
| 554 |
+
<div class="kpi-card">
|
| 555 |
+
<p class="number">70<small>萬人</small></p>
|
| 556 |
+
<p class="label">123年高雄65歲以上人口預估數</p>
|
| 557 |
+
<p class="source">(來源:PDF p.8)</p>
|
| 558 |
+
</div>
|
| 559 |
+
<div class="kpi-card">
|
| 560 |
+
<p class="number">89<small>%</small></p>
|
| 561 |
+
<p class="label">123年田寮區預估扶老比</p>
|
| 562 |
+
<p class="source">(來源:PDF p.10)</p>
|
| 563 |
+
</div>
|
| 564 |
+
</section>
|
| 565 |
+
|
| 566 |
+
<!-- 章節二 -->
|
| 567 |
+
<section id="chapter-2" aria-labelledby="chapter-2-title">
|
| 568 |
+
<article>
|
| 569 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 570 |
+
<h3>Chapter 2:脈絡</h3>
|
| 571 |
+
<h2 id="chapter-2-title">產業轉型下的雙速城市</h2>
|
| 572 |
+
</div>
|
| 573 |
+
<p>在人口普遍負成長的趨勢���,高雄內部呈現出「雙速發展」的鮮明對比。受惠於台積電等高科技產業進駐的政策效應,橋頭區、仁武區與楠梓區成為了少數的人口正成長亮點。報告預估,未來十年橋頭區人口將大幅成長22%,仁武區亦有18%的增幅。(來源:PDF p.9)這股由產業轉型帶動的人口紅利,不僅為區域注入新活力,也反映在交通建設、新興住宅開發與就業機會的增加上。然而,這股活水尚未能灌溉整座城市。當新興科技廊帶吸引大量青壯年人口遷入時,傳統農業區與偏鄉的人口流失問題卻愈發嚴重。這種區域發展的不均衡,使得資源分配的挑戰更加複雜,如何在促進新興區域發展的同時,穩住偏鄉地區的基本生活機能與社會照護體系,成為市府必須面對的課題。</p>
|
| 574 |
+
</article>
|
| 575 |
+
|
| 576 |
+
<figure>
|
| 577 |
+
<div class="placeholder" data-src="高雄市38行政區人口負擔概況圖" role="img" aria-label="高雄市38行政區人口負擔概況圖">
|
| 578 |
+
圖表草稿說明:散佈圖<br>
|
| 579 |
+
X軸:扶老比 (%)<br>
|
| 580 |
+
Y軸:113-123年人口成長率 (%)<br>
|
| 581 |
+
數據:以點標示38個行政區,並特別標示出右上角(橋頭、仁武)與左下角(田寮、美濃)的極端案例。<br>
|
| 582 |
+
閱讀重點:視覺化呈現各行政區在「扶老負擔」與「人口增減」兩個維度上的分布,凸顯雙速發展的現象。
|
| 583 |
+
</div>
|
| 584 |
+
<figcaption>圖說:高雄市各行政區的人口結構與變遷呈現極大差異,部分新興區域享受人口紅利,但多數傳統區域則面臨高扶老比與人口負成長的雙重壓力。(資料來源:改繪自 PDF p.10 圖6)</figcaption>
|
| 585 |
+
</figure>
|
| 586 |
+
</section>
|
| 587 |
+
|
| 588 |
+
<hr class="divider">
|
| 589 |
+
|
| 590 |
+
<!-- 章節三 -->
|
| 591 |
+
<section id="chapter-3" aria-labelledby="chapter-3-title">
|
| 592 |
+
<article>
|
| 593 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 594 |
+
<h3>Chapter 3:數據</h3>
|
| 595 |
+
<h2 id="chapter-3-title">三大社福支出的預算黑洞</h2>
|
| 596 |
+
</div>
|
| 597 |
+
<p>檢視高雄市的社福預算,可以發現老人福利經費正以驚人的速度膨脹。報告指出,光是「中低收入老人生活津貼」、「65歲以上老人健保費補助」及「重陽節敬老禮金」這三項主要支出,在113年度就高達74億元,佔據了整體福利服務支出的53%。(來源:PDF p.11)更值得注意的是,這筆支出在短短四年間(109-113年)就從56億元暴增了33%。報告進一步推估,隨著老年人口基數擴大及補助金額因應物價調整,這股成長趨勢將難以遏止。預計到民國123年,單是健保補助支出就將達到45億元,中低收老人津貼更將高達63億元。(來源:PDF p.12, p.14)這些數字不僅是會計帳目上的增長,它們實質上壓縮了其他市政建設與社會投資的空間,形成一個潛在的預算黑洞。</p>
|
| 598 |
+
</article>
|
| 599 |
+
|
| 600 |
+
<figure>
|
| 601 |
+
<div class="placeholder" data-src="高雄市人口年齡結構趨勢圖" role="img" aria-label="高雄市人口年齡結構趨勢圖">
|
| 602 |
+
圖表草稿說明:折線圖<br>
|
| 603 |
+
X軸:年份(109年至123年)<br>
|
| 604 |
+
Y軸:人口數(萬人)<br>
|
| 605 |
+
數據:繪製「65歲以上」、「25-44歲」、「45-64歲」等多條人口數變化曲線。<br>
|
| 606 |
+
閱讀重點:清晰呈現「65歲以上」人口曲線的陡峭上升,以及其與「25-44歲」核心勞動力曲線在120年的黃金交叉點。
|
| 607 |
+
</div>
|
| 608 |
+
<figcaption>圖說:推估至民國120年,高雄市65歲以上的老年人口數將首度超越25-44歲的青壯年人口,人口結構的根本性轉變將對勞動力與社會照護帶來巨大挑戰。(資料來源:改繪自 PDF p.8 圖4)</figcaption>
|
| 609 |
+
</figure>
|
| 610 |
+
</section>
|
| 611 |
+
|
| 612 |
+
<!-- 流程/關係圖區 -->
|
| 613 |
+
<section id="flowmap-section" aria-labelledby="flowmap-title">
|
| 614 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 615 |
+
<h2 id="flowmap-title">社福支出如何滾雪球?</h2>
|
| 616 |
+
</div>
|
| 617 |
+
<div class="flowmap-container">
|
| 618 |
+
<ul class="flowmap" aria-label="社福支出成長路徑">
|
| 619 |
+
<li>人口高齡化</li>
|
| 620 |
+
<li>65歲以上人口基數擴大</li>
|
| 621 |
+
<li>社福補助人次增加</li>
|
| 622 |
+
<li>物價指數上漲</li>
|
| 623 |
+
<li>每人次補助金額調升</li>
|
| 624 |
+
<li>年度總支出飆高</li>
|
| 625 |
+
</ul>
|
| 626 |
+
<p><b>為何重要:</b>此流程揭示了老人社福支出成長的「複利效應」。它不僅僅是因老年人口增加而線性成長,更會因為法規中與物價指數連動的調整機制,產生「人數」與「單價」同步上漲的加乘效果。理解這個滾雪球的過程,有助於決策者意識到,任何一次性的福利加碼,都可能在未來的人口結構下,演變成持續性的巨大財政負擔。</p>
|
| 627 |
+
</div>
|
| 628 |
+
</section>
|
| 629 |
+
|
| 630 |
+
<!-- 章節四 -->
|
| 631 |
+
<section id="chapter-4" aria-labelledby="chapter-4-title">
|
| 632 |
+
<article>
|
| 633 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 634 |
+
<h3>Chapter 4:責任/影響</h3>
|
| 635 |
+
<h2 id="chapter-4-title">政策加碼下的財政壓力鍋</h2>
|
| 636 |
+
</div>
|
| 637 |
+
<p>在人口結構變遷的基礎上,任何福利政策的微調都可能牽一髮動全身。報告以情境模擬分析,若將80-89歲長者的重陽敬老禮金再調高500元,未來十年市庫將額外增加約6億元的支出。(來源:PDF p.17)此外,隨著市府推動大眾運輸政策,若能成功提升長者的搭乘率,預計到123年,相關的交通補助支出也將從現今的3億元增長至5億元。(來源:PDF p.18)這些看似立意良善的政策,都將使持續升溫的財政壓力鍋再添柴火。這凸顯了政策制定者面臨的兩難:一方面要回應高齡選民對社會福利的期待,另一方面又要確保城市財政的永續性。在資源有限的現實下,每一次的福利加碼,都意味著在教育、公共建設或青年發展等其他領域的投資可能被排擠。</p>
|
| 638 |
+
</article>
|
| 639 |
+
|
| 640 |
+
<div class="pullquote">
|
| 641 |
+
<blockquote>現有政策受人口結構影響,可能對中長期產生額外效果...現階段老人社會福利支出在未來將被放大相當倍數,相關政策建議均以中長期財務規劃工具審慎評估可持續性。</blockquote>
|
| 642 |
+
<footer>—— 【生成】高雄市政府主計處官員(改寫自 PDF p.21)</footer>
|
| 643 |
+
</div>
|
| 644 |
+
</section>
|
| 645 |
+
|
| 646 |
+
<!-- 時間軸 -->
|
| 647 |
+
<section id="timeline-section" aria-labelledby="timeline-title">
|
| 648 |
+
<div class="section-head">
|
| 649 |
+
<h2 id="timeline-title">關鍵時間點</h2>
|
| 650 |
+
</div>
|
| 651 |
+
<div class="timeline">
|
| 652 |
+
<div class="timeline-item">
|
| 653 |
+
<div class="timeline-content">
|
| 654 |
+
<p class="time">民國109年 (2020)</p>
|
| 655 |
+
<p class="event">→ 三大老人社福支出為56億元。</p>
|
| 656 |
+
<p class="impact">後續影響:作為近年社福支出快速成長的比較基期。</p>
|
| 657 |
+
</div>
|
| 658 |
+
</div>
|
| 659 |
+
<div class="timeline-item">
|
| 660 |
+
<div class="timeline-content">
|
| 661 |
+
<p class="time">民國113年 (2024)</p>
|
| 662 |
+
<p class="event">→ 三大老人社福支出達74億元,四年成長33%。</p>
|
| 663 |
+
<p class="impact">後續影響:確立支出高速成長趨勢,財政壓力浮現。</p>
|
| 664 |
+
</div>
|
| 665 |
+
</div>
|
| 666 |
+
<div class="timeline-item">
|
| 667 |
+
<div class="timeline-content">
|
| 668 |
+
<p class="time">民國120年 (2031)【推估】</p>
|
| 669 |
+
<p class="event">→ 65歲以上人口數將首度超越25-44歲人口數。</p>
|
| 670 |
+
<p class="impact">後續影響:高雄市人口結構迎來黃金交叉,勞動力與被扶養人口比例根本性逆轉。</p>
|
| 671 |
+
</div>
|
| 672 |
+
</div>
|
| 673 |
+
<div class="timeline-item">
|
| 674 |
+
<div class="timeline-content">
|
| 675 |
+
<p class="time">民國123年 (2034)【推估】</p>
|
| 676 |
+
<p class="event">→ 總人口降至258萬人,三大社福支出預估達119億元。</p>
|
| 677 |
+
<p class="impact">後續影響:城市總人口減少,但老人福利支出相較113年再成長60%,財政挑戰達高峰。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- 章節五 -->
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<section id="chapter-5" aria-labelledby="chapter-5-title">
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<article>
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<div class="section-head">
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<h3>Chapter 5:解方/待釐清</h3>
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| 688 |
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<h2 id="chapter-5-title">尋找永續與公平的平衡點</h2>
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| 689 |
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</div>
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| 690 |
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<p>面對這場銀色海嘯,報告最終指向了「精準投放」與「永���規劃」兩大方向。首先,針對田寮、美濃等扶老負擔極重的區域,建議應優先劃設為「高齡照護資源重點布建區」,打破齊頭式的福利發放,將有限的資源更有效地投入到在地老化的支持網絡中,例如強化社區關懷據點、日間照顧中心與交通接駁服務。(來源:PDF p.21)其次,報告也提醒,所有福利政策都必須以中長期的財務規劃工具進行審慎評估。決策者需要建立一個動態調整的機制,而非僅僅回應當下的民意壓力。例如,建置一個能即時根據人口預測與財政狀況,模擬各項福利支出變化的「社福計算機」,將有助於做出更具前瞻性與責任感的決策。如何在滿足長者需求的同時,兼顧世代正義與城市財政的永續性,將是高雄未來十年最重要的課題。</p>
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</article>
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</section>
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<!-- 資料來源與製作名單 -->
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<section id="references" aria-labelledby="references-title">
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<div class="sources">
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<h3 id="references-title">參考資料 Sources</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>高雄市政府主計處,〈以人口預測觀察高齡化下高雄市老人社會福利支出變化〉統計專題分析,114年8月。(本文主要資料來源)</li>
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<li>余清祥、王信忠、陳譽騰,"年輪變動比用於小區域人口推估的探討",Journal of Population Studies 63 (2021): 99-133。</li>
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| 701 |
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<li>內政部戶政司全球資訊網「人口統計資料」</li>
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| 702 |
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<li>國家發展委員會「中華民國人口推估」</li>
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| 703 |
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<li>交通部「113年民眾日常使用運具狀況調查」【待補】</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="credits">
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<h3>製作名單 Credits</h3>
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| 709 |
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<p><span>資料來源</span>高雄市政府主計處</p>
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| 710 |
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<p><span>原撰寫人</span>廖祥凱</p>
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| 711 |
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<p><span>【生成】監製</span>王曉玟</p>
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| 712 |
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<p><span>【生成】製作人</span>李宜靜</p>
|
| 713 |
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<p><span>【生成】記者</span>陳思妤</p>
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| 714 |
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<p><span>【生成】設計</span>林育正</p>
|
| 715 |
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<p><span>【生成】工程</span>黃彥霖</p>
|
| 716 |
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<p><span>【生成】出品</span>聯合報系</p>
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| 717 |
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<p><span>【生成】出刊日期</span>2025.08.20</p>
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</div>
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</section>
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