modules/technical_metrics.py

"""
Technical metrics for image quality assessment without using AI models.
These metrics evaluate basic technical aspects of images like sharpness, noise, etc.
"""

import numpy as np
import cv2
from skimage.metrics import structural_similarity as ssim
from skimage.measure import shannon_entropy
from PIL import Image, ImageStat


class TechnicalMetrics:
    """Class for computing technical image quality metrics."""
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_sharpness(image_array):
        """
        Calculate image sharpness using Laplacian variance.
        Higher values indicate sharper images.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: sharpness score
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) == 3:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
        else:
            gray = image_array
            
        # Calculate variance of Laplacian
        return cv2.Laplacian(gray, cv2.CV_64F).var()
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_noise(image_array):
        """
        Estimate image noise level.
        Lower values indicate less noisy images.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: noise level
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) == 3:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
        else:
            gray = image_array
            
        # Estimate noise using median filter difference
        denoised = cv2.medianBlur(gray, 5)
        diff = cv2.absdiff(gray, denoised)
        return np.mean(diff)
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_contrast(image_array):
        """
        Calculate image contrast.
        Higher values indicate higher contrast.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: contrast score
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) == 3:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
        else:
            gray = image_array
            
        # Calculate standard deviation as a measure of contrast
        return np.std(gray)
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_saturation(image_array):
        """
        Calculate color saturation.
        Higher values indicate more saturated colors.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: saturation score
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) != 3:
            return 0.0  # Grayscale images have no saturation
            
        # Convert to HSV and calculate mean saturation
        hsv = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
        return np.mean(hsv[:, :, 1])
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_entropy(image_array):
        """
        Calculate image entropy as a measure of detail/complexity.
        Higher values indicate more complex images.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: entropy score
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) == 3:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
        else:
            gray = image_array
            
        return shannon_entropy(gray)
    
    @staticmethod
    def detect_compression_artifacts(image_array):
        """
        Detect JPEG compression artifacts.
        Higher values indicate more artifacts.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: artifact score
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) == 3:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
        else:
            gray = image_array
            
        # Apply edge detection to find blocky artifacts
        edges = cv2.Canny(gray, 100, 200)
        return np.mean(edges) / 255.0
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_dynamic_range(image_array):
        """
        Calculate dynamic range of the image.
        Higher values indicate better use of available intensity range.
        
        Args:
            image_array: numpy array of the image
            
        Returns:
            float: dynamic range score
        """
        if len(image_array.shape) == 3:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image_array, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
        else:
            gray = image_array
            
        p1 = np.percentile(gray, 1)
        p99 = np.percentile(gray, 99)
        return (p99 - p1) / 255.0
    
    @staticmethod
    def calculate_all_metrics(image_path):
        """
        Calculate all technical metrics for an image.
        
        Args:
            image_path: path to the image file
            
        Returns:
            dict: dictionary with all metric scores
        """
        # Load image with PIL for metadata
        pil_image = Image.open(image_path)
        
        # Convert to numpy array for OpenCV processing
        image_array = np.array(pil_image)
        
        # Calculate all metrics
        metrics = {
            'sharpness': TechnicalMetrics.calculate_sharpness(image_array),
            'noise': TechnicalMetrics.calculate_noise(image_array),
            'contrast': TechnicalMetrics.calculate_contrast(image_array),
            'saturation': TechnicalMetrics.calculate_saturation(image_array),
            'entropy': TechnicalMetrics.calculate_entropy(image_array),
            'compression_artifacts': TechnicalMetrics.detect_compression_artifacts(image_array),
            'dynamic_range': TechnicalMetrics.calculate_dynamic_range(image_array),
            'resolution': f"{pil_image.width}x{pil_image.height}",
            'aspect_ratio': pil_image.width / pil_image.height if pil_image.height > 0 else 0,
            'file_size_kb': pil_image.fp.tell() / 1024 if hasattr(pil_image.fp, 'tell') else 0,
        }
        
        return metrics