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Update cycle_events.json
Browse files- cycle_events.json +875 -65
cycle_events.json
CHANGED
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@@ -1,96 +1,771 @@
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{
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"year": 1776,
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"events": [
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{
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-
"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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-
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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-
"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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"event_en": "World War
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"event_ko": "์
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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-
"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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-
"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "K-Wave",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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@@ -98,79 +773,209 @@
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"year": 1973,
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "Business",
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"event_en": "1973
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"event_ko": "1973-75
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}
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]
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},
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{
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"year":
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"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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},
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{
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"cycle": "Finance",
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"event_en": "
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"event_ko": "
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}
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]
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},
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{
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| 129 |
"events": [
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{
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"cycle": "Hegemony",
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-
"event_en": "
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-
"event_ko": "
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| 134 |
}
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| 135 |
]
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},
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{
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-
"year":
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"events": [
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{
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-
"cycle": "
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-
"event_en": "
|
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-
"event_ko": "
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},
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{
|
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"cycle": "Business",
|
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-
"event_en": "
|
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-
"event_ko": "
|
| 149 |
}
|
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]
|
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},
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{
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-
"year":
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"events": [
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{
|
| 156 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 157 |
-
"event_en": "
|
| 158 |
-
"event_ko": "์ธ๊ณ
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| 159 |
},
|
| 160 |
{
|
| 161 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 162 |
-
"event_en": "
|
| 163 |
-
"event_ko": "
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|
| 164 |
}
|
| 165 |
]
|
| 166 |
},
|
| 167 |
{
|
| 168 |
"year": 2014,
|
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|
| 169 |
"events": [
|
| 170 |
{
|
| 171 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 172 |
-
"event_en": "China
|
| 173 |
-
"event_ko": "์ค๊ตญ
|
| 174 |
}
|
| 175 |
]
|
| 176 |
},
|
|
@@ -179,14 +984,19 @@
|
|
| 179 |
"events": [
|
| 180 |
{
|
| 181 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 182 |
-
"event_en": "COVID
|
| 183 |
-
"event_ko": "์ฝ๋ก๋19
|
| 184 |
-
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
| 185 |
{
|
| 186 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 187 |
-
"event_en": "
|
| 188 |
-
"event_ko": "
|
| 189 |
}
|
| 190 |
]
|
| 191 |
}
|
| 192 |
-
]
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
[
|
| 2 |
+
{
|
| 3 |
+
"year": 1492,
|
| 4 |
+
"events": [
|
| 5 |
+
{
|
| 6 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 7 |
+
"event_en": "Christopher Columbusโs voyage to the Americas opens the way for European colonial empires and global trade expansion:contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}.",
|
| 8 |
+
"event_ko": "ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํ ํผ ์ฝ๋ผ๋ฒ์ค์ ์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ํญํด๋ ์ ๋ฝ ์ด๊ฐ์ ์๋ฏผ ์ ๊ตญ ๊ฑด์ค๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ญ ํ์ฅ์ ๊ธธ์ ์ด์๋ค."
|
| 9 |
+
}
|
| 10 |
+
]
|
| 11 |
+
},
|
| 12 |
+
{
|
| 13 |
+
"year": 1588,
|
| 14 |
+
"events": [
|
| 15 |
+
{
|
| 16 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 17 |
+
"event_en": "England defeats the Spanish Armada, marking the decline of Spainโs dominance and the rise of British naval power:contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}.",
|
| 18 |
+
"event_ko": "1588๋
์๊ธ๋๋๊ฐ ์์คํ๋ ๋ฌด์ ํจ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉํํ์ฌ ์์คํ๋ ํจ๊ถ์ ์ ํด์ ์๊ตญ ํด๊ตฐ๋ ฅ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ ธ๋ค."
|
| 19 |
+
}
|
| 20 |
+
]
|
| 21 |
+
},
|
| 22 |
+
{
|
| 23 |
+
"year": 1648,
|
| 24 |
+
"events": [
|
| 25 |
+
{
|
| 26 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 27 |
+
"event_en": "The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ends the Thirty Yearsโ War, establishing the modern system of sovereign states and curtailing Habsburg hegemony in Europe.",
|
| 28 |
+
"event_ko": "1648๋
๋ฒ ์คํธํ๋ ์กฐ์ฝ์ผ๋ก 30๋
์ ์์ด ์ข
๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ ๊ทผ๋ ์ฃผ๊ถ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ฆฝ๋์ด ํฉ์ค๋ถ๋ฅดํฌ ํจ๊ถ์ด ์ต์ ๋์๋ค."
|
| 29 |
+
}
|
| 30 |
+
]
|
| 31 |
+
},
|
| 32 |
+
{
|
| 33 |
+
"year": 1688,
|
| 34 |
+
"events": [
|
| 35 |
+
{
|
| 36 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 37 |
+
"event_en": "The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England ensures a constitutional monarchy and ushers in an era of political stability that allows Britainโs rise as a global power.",
|
| 38 |
+
"event_ko": "1688๋
์๊ตญ์ ๋ช
์ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์
ํ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ ์๋ฆฝ๋๊ณ ์๊ตญ์ด ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ ์์ ์ ํ ๋๊ฐ ๋ง๋ จ๋์๋ค."
|
| 39 |
+
}
|
| 40 |
+
]
|
| 41 |
+
},
|
| 42 |
+
{
|
| 43 |
+
"year": 1707,
|
| 44 |
+
"events": [
|
| 45 |
+
{
|
| 46 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 47 |
+
"event_en": "The Acts of Union 1707 unite England and Scotland into Great Britain, laying the foundation for a unified British state that will dominate world affairs.",
|
| 48 |
+
"event_ko": "1707๋
์ฐํฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๊ธ๋๋์ ์ค์ฝํ๋๋๊ฐ ๋๋ธ๋ฆฌํผ ์๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ํตํฉ๋์ด ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋์์ ๋จ์ผ ์๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์ญํ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ด ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 49 |
+
}
|
| 50 |
+
]
|
| 51 |
+
},
|
| 52 |
+
{
|
| 53 |
+
"year": 1720,
|
| 54 |
+
"events": [
|
| 55 |
+
{
|
| 56 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 57 |
+
"event_en": "The South Sea Bubble bursts in Britain (alongside Franceโs Mississippi Bubble), collapsing stock prices and ruining investors:contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}.",
|
| 58 |
+
"event_ko": "1720๋
์๊ตญ์์ ๋จํดํ์ฌ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋๊ณ ๋์์ ํ๋์ค์์๋ ๋ฏธ์์ํผ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ํฐ์ง๋ฉด์ ์ฃผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์๋ง์ ํฌ์์๊ฐ ํ์ฐํ๋ค."
|
| 59 |
+
}
|
| 60 |
+
]
|
| 61 |
+
},
|
| 62 |
+
{
|
| 63 |
+
"year": 1757,
|
| 64 |
+
"events": [
|
| 65 |
+
{
|
| 66 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 67 |
+
"event_en": "At the 1757 Battle of Plassey, Britain secures control over Bengal in India, a key step in establishing the British Raj and expanding its colonial hegemony.",
|
| 68 |
+
"event_ko": "1757๋
ํ๋ผ์ ์ ํฌ์์ ์๊ตญ์ด ๋ฒต๊ณจ ํต์น๊ถ์ ํ๋ณดํ์ฌ ์ธ๋์์ ์๊ตญ๋ น ๋ผ์ง์ ํ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๋์ ์ ๊ตญ์ ํ๋์ ์ค์ํ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค."
|
| 69 |
+
}
|
| 70 |
+
]
|
| 71 |
+
},
|
| 72 |
+
{
|
| 73 |
+
"year": 1763,
|
| 74 |
+
"events": [
|
| 75 |
+
{
|
| 76 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 77 |
+
"event_en": "An Amsterdam banking crisis in 1763 follows the Seven Yearsโ War, as major lenders collapse and panic spreads to Germany and Scandinavia:contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}.",
|
| 78 |
+
"event_ko": "1763๋
7๋
์ ์ ํ์ ์ฆ์ผ๋ก ์์คํ
๋ฅด๋ด์์ ์ฃผ์ ์ํ๋ค์ด ํ์ฐํ์ฌ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์, ๊ทธ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋
์ผ๊ณผ ์ค์นธ๋๋๋น์๊น์ง ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค."
|
| 79 |
+
}
|
| 80 |
+
]
|
| 81 |
+
},
|
| 82 |
+
{
|
| 83 |
+
"year": 1769,
|
| 84 |
+
"events": [
|
| 85 |
+
{
|
| 86 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 87 |
+
"event_en": "A speculative frenzy in Indiaโs Bengal region ends with a crash in 1769 (the Bengal Bubble), devastating local trade and credit:contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}.",
|
| 88 |
+
"event_ko": "1769๋
์ธ๋ ๋ฒต๊ณจ ์ง์ญ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ดํ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฑ๋ ๊ฑฐํ ๊ฒฝ์ (๋ฒต๊ณจ ๊ฑฐํ)๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ์ง์ญ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ต์ด ํฐ ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์
์๋ค."
|
| 89 |
+
}
|
| 90 |
+
]
|
| 91 |
+
},
|
| 92 |
+
{
|
| 93 |
+
"year": 1771,
|
| 94 |
+
"events": [
|
| 95 |
+
{
|
| 96 |
+
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
| 97 |
+
"event_en": "Richard Arkwright opens Cromford Mill, the first water-powered cotton spinning mill, kickstarting the Industrial Revolution:contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}.",
|
| 98 |
+
"event_ko": "1771๋
๋ฆฌ์ฒ๋ ์ํฌ๋ผ์ดํธ๊ฐ ์๊ตญ ํฌ๋กฌํผ๋ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ณต์ฅ์ ์ค๋ฆฝํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด์ ์๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ณต์ฅ์ด ๊ฐ๋๋๋ฉฐ ์ฐ์
ํ๋ช
์ด ์์๋์๋ค."
|
| 99 |
+
}
|
| 100 |
+
]
|
| 101 |
+
},
|
| 102 |
+
{
|
| 103 |
+
"year": 1772,
|
| 104 |
+
"events": [
|
| 105 |
+
{
|
| 106 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 107 |
+
"event_en": "A British credit crisis begins with bank failures in London and Amsterdam, spreading panic across Europe:contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}.",
|
| 108 |
+
"event_ko": "1772๋
๋ฐ๋๊ณผ ์์คํ
๋ฅด๋ด์์ ๋ํ ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋์ฐํ๋ฉด์ ์์๋ ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฝ ์ ์ญ์ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฌ์ผ์ผ์ผฐ๋ค."
|
| 109 |
+
}
|
| 110 |
+
]
|
| 111 |
+
},
|
| 112 |
{
|
| 113 |
"year": 1776,
|
| 114 |
"events": [
|
| 115 |
{
|
| 116 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 117 |
+
"event_en": "American colonies declare independence from Britain, inspiring global movements for self-governance:contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}.",
|
| 118 |
+
"event_ko": "1776๋
์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ์๋ฏผ์ง๊ฐ ์๊ตญ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์ธํ์ฌ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์์น์ ๊ณตํ ์ด๋
์ ํ๋ช
์ ์์ง์์ ๊ณ ์ทจํ๋ค."
|
| 119 |
+
},
|
| 120 |
+
{
|
| 121 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 122 |
+
"event_en": "Financing the American Revolutionary War strains European powers; Franceโs 1.3 billion livre support for the rebels helps push the French monarchy toward bankruptcy:contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}.",
|
| 123 |
+
"event_ko": "1776๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์๊ธ ์กฐ๋ฌ๋ก ํ๋์ค๊ฐ 13์ต ๋ฆฌ๋ธ๋ฅด์ ๋ฌํ๋ ์์ฒญ๋ ๋ถ์ฑ๋ฅผ ๋ ์์ ํ๋์ค ์์ค์ ์ฌ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌํ์์ผฐ๋ค."
|
| 124 |
+
}
|
| 125 |
+
]
|
| 126 |
+
},
|
| 127 |
+
{
|
| 128 |
+
"year": 1785,
|
| 129 |
+
"events": [
|
| 130 |
+
{
|
| 131 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 132 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1785 hits the early United States, as a post-war credit contraction leads to a sharp economic downturn:contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}.",
|
| 133 |
+
"event_ko": "1785๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์ดํ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ ์ฉ ์์ถ๊ณผ ๋ํ๋ ์ด์
์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค."
|
| 134 |
+
}
|
| 135 |
+
]
|
| 136 |
+
},
|
| 137 |
+
{
|
| 138 |
+
"year": 1789,
|
| 139 |
+
"events": [
|
| 140 |
+
{
|
| 141 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 142 |
+
"event_en": "The French Revolution erupts in 1789, overthrowing the monarchy and challenging the old aristocratic order across Europe.",
|
| 143 |
+
"event_ko": "1789๋
ํ๋์ค ํ๋ช
์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐํด ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ด ์์ ์ ์ ๋ณตํ๊ณ ์ ๋ฝ ์ ์ญ์ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋์ ํ๋ ํ๋ช
์ด๋
์ ํ์ฐ์์ผฐ๋ค."
|
| 144 |
+
}
|
| 145 |
+
]
|
| 146 |
+
},
|
| 147 |
+
{
|
| 148 |
+
"year": 1792,
|
| 149 |
+
"events": [
|
| 150 |
+
{
|
| 151 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 152 |
+
"event_en": "A financial panic strikes in 1792; U.S. Treasury Secretary Hamilton intervenes to stabilize credit in the young American economy:contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}.",
|
| 153 |
+
"event_ko": "1792๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ ์ด๋ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ฅ๊ด ํด๋ฐํด์ด ์์ฅ ์์ ์ ์ํด ๊ฐ์
ํ๋ ๋ฑ ์ ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ฒซ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์กฐ์ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 154 |
+
}
|
| 155 |
+
]
|
| 156 |
+
},
|
| 157 |
+
{
|
| 158 |
+
"year": 1797,
|
| 159 |
+
"events": [
|
| 160 |
+
{
|
| 161 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 162 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1797 spreads in Britain and the U.S. amid war-driven debt and speculation, causing bank runs and a credit collapse:contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}.",
|
| 163 |
+
"event_ko": "1797๋
์๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ถ๋ด๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ดํ์ ์ฌํ๋ก ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ํ์ฐ๋์ด ์ํ๋ค์ ๋ฑ
ํฌ๋ฐ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ ์ ์ฉ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์๋ค."
|
| 164 |
+
}
|
| 165 |
+
]
|
| 166 |
+
},
|
| 167 |
+
{
|
| 168 |
+
"year": 1805,
|
| 169 |
+
"events": [
|
| 170 |
+
{
|
| 171 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 172 |
+
"event_en": "Britainโs decisive naval victory over France at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 secures British naval supremacy and frustrates Napoleonโs plans to invade England.",
|
| 173 |
+
"event_ko": "1805๋
ํธ๋ผํ๊ฐ ํด์ ์์ ์๊ตญ ํด๊ตฐ์ด ๋ํด๋ ์น์ ํจ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉํํ์ฌ ์๊ตญ์ ํด์ ํจ๊ถ์ ๊ตณํ๊ณ ๋ํด๋ ์น์ ์๊ตญ ์นจ๊ณต ์ผ๋ง์ ์ข์ ์์ผฐ๋ค."
|
| 174 |
+
}
|
| 175 |
+
]
|
| 176 |
+
},
|
| 177 |
+
{
|
| 178 |
+
"year": 1807,
|
| 179 |
+
"events": [
|
| 180 |
+
{
|
| 181 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 182 |
+
"event_en": "U.S. President Thomas Jeffersonโs Embargo Act of 1807 stops foreign trade, plunging the American economy, especially port cities, into a severe depression.",
|
| 183 |
+
"event_ko": "1807๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ ํผ์จ ๋ํต๋ น์ด ์๊ตญยทํ๋์ค์์ ๊ต์ญ์ ๊ธ์งํ๋ ๊ธ์์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋จํ(1807๋
์์ถ์
๊ธ์ง๋ฒ)ํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํญ๊ตฌ ๋์๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
| 184 |
+
}
|
| 185 |
+
]
|
| 186 |
+
},
|
| 187 |
+
{
|
| 188 |
+
"year": 1813,
|
| 189 |
+
"events": [
|
| 190 |
+
{
|
| 191 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 192 |
+
"event_en": "Denmark declares state bankruptcy in 1813 after war expenses, illustrating the sovereign debt crises of the Napoleonic era:contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}.",
|
| 193 |
+
"event_ko": "1813๋
๋ํด๋ ์น ์ ์์ผ๋ก ์ธํ ์ฌ์ ์
ํ๋ก ๋ด๋งํฌ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ์๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ํด๋ ์น ์๋์ ๋น๋ฐํ ์ฃผ๊ถ ์ฑ๋ฌด ์๊ธฐ์ ํ ์ฌ๋ก์๋ค."
|
| 194 |
+
}
|
| 195 |
+
]
|
| 196 |
+
},
|
| 197 |
+
{
|
| 198 |
+
"year": 1815,
|
| 199 |
+
"events": [
|
| 200 |
+
{
|
| 201 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 202 |
+
"event_en": "The Congress of Vienna reorganizes Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, establishing a balance of power that ushers in a century of relative peace:contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}.",
|
| 203 |
+
"event_ko": "1815๋
๋น ํ์๊ฐ ๋ํด๋ ์น ์ ์ ํ ์ ๋ฝ์ ์ฌํธํ์ฌ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ท ํ์ ํ๋ฆฝํ๊ณ 1์ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊น์ด ์๋์ ํํ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ด์๋ค."
|
| 204 |
+
}
|
| 205 |
+
]
|
| 206 |
+
},
|
| 207 |
+
{
|
| 208 |
+
"year": 1818,
|
| 209 |
+
"events": [
|
| 210 |
+
{
|
| 211 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 212 |
+
"event_en": "A post-World War I recession (1918โ1921) strikes as wartime demand ends and economies struggle to retool for peace:contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}.",
|
| 213 |
+
"event_ko": "1918๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๊ณ ์ ์ ์์๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ค์ด 1921๋
๊น์ง ์ด์ด์ง๋ ๋ถํฉ์ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
| 214 |
+
}
|
| 215 |
+
]
|
| 216 |
+
},
|
| 217 |
+
{
|
| 218 |
+
"year": 1819,
|
| 219 |
+
"events": [
|
| 220 |
+
{
|
| 221 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 222 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1819, the first major U.S. economic depression after the War of 1812, leads to bank failures and high unemployment:contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}.",
|
| 223 |
+
"event_ko": "1819๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณตํฉ(1819๋
๊ณตํฉ)์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ํ ํ์ฐ๊ณผ ์ค์
์ฌํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค."
|
| 224 |
+
}
|
| 225 |
+
]
|
| 226 |
+
},
|
| 227 |
+
{
|
| 228 |
+
"year": 1821,
|
| 229 |
+
"events": [
|
| 230 |
+
{
|
| 231 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 232 |
+
"event_en": "Spainโs New World empire collapses as Mexico and others in Latin America gain independence, ending Spanish colonial hegemony in the Americas:contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}.",
|
| 233 |
+
"event_ko": "1821๋
๋ฉ์์ฝ ๋ฑ ๋ผํด์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ์์คํ๋์ ์ ๋๋ฅ ์ ๊ตญ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋๋ฅ์์ ์์คํ๋ ํจ๊ถ์ด ์ข
์ธ์ ๊ณ ํ๋ค."
|
| 234 |
+
}
|
| 235 |
+
]
|
| 236 |
+
},
|
| 237 |
+
{
|
| 238 |
+
"year": 1823,
|
| 239 |
+
"events": [
|
| 240 |
+
{
|
| 241 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 242 |
+
"event_en": "The United States proclaims the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, warning European powers against further colonization in the Americas and asserting a hemispheric influence.",
|
| 243 |
+
"event_ko": "1823๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋จผ๋ก ๋
ํธ๋ฆฐ์ ์ ํฌํ์ฌ ์๋ฉ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋๋ฅ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ฝ ์ด๊ฐ์ ์ถ๊ฐ ์๋ฏผ์ง ๊ฐ์ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ํ๊ณ ์๋ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ฒ๋ช
ํ๋ค."
|
| 244 |
+
}
|
| 245 |
+
]
|
| 246 |
+
},
|
| 247 |
+
{
|
| 248 |
+
"year": 1825,
|
| 249 |
+
"events": [
|
| 250 |
+
{
|
| 251 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 252 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England:contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}.",
|
| 253 |
+
"event_ko": "1825๋
์๊ตญ์์ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋์ถ ๊ณผ์ด ๋์ ์๋์ํ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ชฐ๋ฆด ์ ๋์ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ(1825๋
๊ณตํฉ)๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ๋ค์์ ์ํ์ด ๋์ฐํ๋ค."
|
| 254 |
+
}
|
| 255 |
+
]
|
| 256 |
+
},
|
| 257 |
+
{
|
| 258 |
+
"year": 1837,
|
| 259 |
+
"events": [
|
| 260 |
+
{
|
| 261 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 262 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1837 triggers a collapse in U.S. banks and a five-year depression in the American economy:contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}.",
|
| 263 |
+
"event_ko": "1837๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์คํจ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ๊ดด๋ก ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ(1837๋
๊ณตํฉ)๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ๊ณ 5๋
์ ๊ฑธ์น ๋ถํฉ์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
| 264 |
+
}
|
| 265 |
+
]
|
| 266 |
+
},
|
| 267 |
+
{
|
| 268 |
+
"year": 1847,
|
| 269 |
+
"events": [
|
| 270 |
+
{
|
| 271 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 272 |
+
"event_en": "A financial panic in 1847 follows the end of Britainโs railway boom, causing a credit crunch and economic slump:contentReference[oaicite:27]{index=27}.",
|
| 273 |
+
"event_ko": "1847๋
์๊ตญ์์ ์ฒ ๋ ํฌ์ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ๊บผ์ง๋ฉฐ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์(1847๋
๊ณตํฉ)ํ์ฌ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฒฝ์๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋น์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 274 |
+
}
|
| 275 |
+
]
|
| 276 |
+
},
|
| 277 |
+
{
|
| 278 |
+
"year": 1848,
|
| 279 |
+
"events": [
|
| 280 |
+
{
|
| 281 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 282 |
+
"event_en": "Revolutionary uprisings across Europe in 1848 shake the continentโs old regimes with demands for liberal reforms and national self-determination.",
|
| 283 |
+
"event_ko": "1848๋
์ ๋ฝ ๊ฐ์ง์์ ๋์๋ค๋ฐ์ ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์์ ์ฃผ์์ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌํ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ๋ฅผ ๋คํ๋ค์์ผ๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ์ง์๋์๋ค."
|
| 284 |
+
}
|
| 285 |
+
]
|
| 286 |
+
},
|
| 287 |
+
{
|
| 288 |
+
"year": 1854,
|
| 289 |
+
"events": [
|
| 290 |
+
{
|
| 291 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 292 |
+
"event_en": "A brief recession in 1854 interrupts the expansion of the 1850s, as declining international demand and monetary tightening slow the U.S. economy.",
|
| 293 |
+
"event_ko": "1854๋
๊ตญ์ ์์ ๋ํ์ ํตํ ๊ธด์ถ ๋ฑ์ ์ฌํ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ผ์ ํํดํ์ฌ 1850๋
๋ ์ค๋ฐ์ ๋จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
| 294 |
+
}
|
| 295 |
+
]
|
| 296 |
+
},
|
| 297 |
+
{
|
| 298 |
+
"year": 1857,
|
| 299 |
+
"events": [
|
| 300 |
+
{
|
| 301 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 302 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1857, a global financial crash originating in the U.S., leads to widespread bank failures and an economic downturn:contentReference[oaicite:28]{index=28}.",
|
| 303 |
+
"event_ko": "1857๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์์๋ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ(1857๋
๊ณตํฉ)์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋์ฐํ๊ณ ๊ณก๋ฌผ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ํญ๋ฝํ์ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค."
|
| 304 |
+
},
|
| 305 |
+
{
|
| 306 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 307 |
+
"event_en": "Following a brief boom, the global Panic of 1857 ends years of expansion, with the failure of banks and collapse of grain prices affecting both the U.S. and Europe.",
|
| 308 |
+
"event_ko": "1857๋
์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ ์ดํ ์ด์ด์ง ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์ ์๋
๊ฐ ํธํฉ์ด ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋๋ ํด๊ณ ์ ๋ํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค."
|
| 309 |
+
}
|
| 310 |
+
]
|
| 311 |
+
},
|
| 312 |
+
{
|
| 313 |
+
"year": 1865,
|
| 314 |
+
"events": [
|
| 315 |
+
{
|
| 316 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 317 |
+
"event_en": "A crash in 1865 devastates the economy of colonial India following speculative excess during the American Civil War boom:contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}.",
|
| 318 |
+
"event_ko": "1865๋
๋จ๋ถ์ ์ ํน์๋ก ์ธ๋ ๋ญ๋ฐ์ด์์ ๊ณผ์ด๋์๋ ๋ฉดํ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์์ฅ์ด ๋ถ๊ดดํ์ฌ ์ธ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ๋ถํฉ์ ๋น ์ง๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ํ์ด ํ์ฐํ๋ค."
|
| 319 |
+
}
|
| 320 |
+
]
|
| 321 |
+
},
|
| 322 |
+
{
|
| 323 |
+
"year": 1866,
|
| 324 |
+
"events": [
|
| 325 |
+
{
|
| 326 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 327 |
+
"event_en": "The collapse of Overend, Gurney & Co. in 1866 sparks an international financial panic, prompting lender-of-last-resort interventions:contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}.",
|
| 328 |
+
"event_ko": "1866๋
์๊ตญ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ธ์ต์ฌ ์ค๋ฒ๋ ๋๊ฑฐ๋๊ฐ ํ์ฐํ์ฌ ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต์์ฅ์ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฃผ์๊ณ , ์๋์ํ์ด ์ตํ์ ๋๋ถ์๋ก ๊ฐ์
ํ๋ ๊ทผ๋์ ์๊ธฐ ๋์์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 329 |
+
}
|
| 330 |
+
]
|
| 331 |
+
},
|
| 332 |
+
{
|
| 333 |
+
"year": 1868,
|
| 334 |
+
"events": [
|
| 335 |
+
{
|
| 336 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 337 |
+
"event_en": "Japanโs Meiji Restoration in 1868 begins the rapid modernization and emergence of Japan as an industrial and military power in Asia.",
|
| 338 |
+
"event_ko": "1868๋
์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฉ์ด์ง ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฒํฉ ์ค์ฌ ํต์น๊ฐ ๋ถํํ๊ณ ๊ธ์ํ ๊ทผ๋ํ๊ฐ ์ถ์ง๋์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์์์์ ์ ํฅ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค."
|
| 339 |
+
}
|
| 340 |
+
]
|
| 341 |
+
},
|
| 342 |
+
{
|
| 343 |
+
"year": 1869,
|
| 344 |
+
"events": [
|
| 345 |
+
{
|
| 346 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 347 |
+
"event_en": "Speculators Jay Gould and James Fiskโs attempt to corner the U.S. gold market ends in \"Black Friday\" panic when prices collapse.",
|
| 348 |
+
"event_ko": "1869๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ด ๊ตด๋์ ์ ์์ค ํผ์คํฌ๊ฐ ๊ธ ์์ฅ์ ๋งค์ ํ๋ ค๋ค \"๊ฒ์ ๊ธ์์ผ\" ์ฌํ๋ก ๊ธ๊ฐ์ด ํญ๋ฝํ๋ฉด์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฑฐํ์ด ํฐ์ก๋ค."
|
| 349 |
+
}
|
| 350 |
+
]
|
| 351 |
+
},
|
| 352 |
+
{
|
| 353 |
+
"year": 1871,
|
| 354 |
+
"events": [
|
| 355 |
+
{
|
| 356 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 357 |
+
"event_en": "Prussiaโs victory in the Franco-Prussian War leads to the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871, creating a new great power in Europe.",
|
| 358 |
+
"event_ko": "1871๋
ํ๋ก์ด์ผ-ํ๋์ค ์ ์์์ ํ๋ก์ด์ผ์ด ์น๋ฆฌํ ํ ๋ฒ ๋ฅด์ฌ์ ์์ ๋
์ผ ์ ๊ตญ์ด ์ ํฌ๋์ด ์ ๋ฝ ๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ๋ณํํ๋ค."
|
| 359 |
+
}
|
| 360 |
+
]
|
| 361 |
+
},
|
| 362 |
+
{
|
| 363 |
+
"year": 1873,
|
| 364 |
+
"events": [
|
| 365 |
+
{
|
| 366 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 367 |
+
"event_en": "A major stock market panic in 1873 triggers the Long Depression, a prolonged worldwide economic downturn:contentReference[oaicite:31]{index=31}.",
|
| 368 |
+
"event_ko": "1873๋
๋น์๋ ์ฆ์ ๋ถ๊ดด์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒ ๋ํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ ํ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฐ๋ ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ์ด ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ก ๋ฒ์ ธ 1870๋
๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ(์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ถํฉ)์ ์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค."
|
| 369 |
+
},
|
| 370 |
+
{
|
| 371 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 372 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1873 in the U.S. and Europe marks the start of a worldwide depression (โLong Depressionโ) lasting over two decades:contentReference[oaicite:32]{index=32}.",
|
| 373 |
+
"event_ko": "1873๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฒ ๋ํ์ฌ ๋ถ๋์ ์ํ ํ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฐ๋ ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์์ญ ๋
๊ฐ ์ง์๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ๋ถํฉ์ ๋ช์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
| 374 |
+
}
|
| 375 |
+
]
|
| 376 |
+
},
|
| 377 |
+
{
|
| 378 |
+
"year": 1875,
|
| 379 |
+
"events": [
|
| 380 |
+
{
|
| 381 |
+
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
| 382 |
+
"event_en": "Andrew Carnegie opens the Edgar Thomson Steel Works, launching large-scale steel production and the age of heavy engineering:contentReference[oaicite:33]{index=33}.",
|
| 383 |
+
"event_ko": "1875๋
์ค๋๋ฃจ ์นด๋ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํผ์ธ ๋ฒ๊ทธ์ ์๋๊ฑฐ ํฐ์จ ์ ์ฒ ์๋ฅผ ์ด์ด ๋๊ท๋ชจ ๊ฐ์ฒ ์์ฐ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ด์๊ณ ์ค๊ณต์
๋ฐ์ ์ ํ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค."
|
| 384 |
+
}
|
| 385 |
+
]
|
| 386 |
+
},
|
| 387 |
+
{
|
| 388 |
+
"year": 1882,
|
| 389 |
+
"events": [
|
| 390 |
+
{
|
| 391 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 392 |
+
"event_en": "The Paris Bourse crash of 1882 triggers a French banking crisis after the collapse of an investment bank involved in speculative ventures.",
|
| 393 |
+
"event_ko": "1882๋
ํ๋์ค์์ ๋ํ ํฌ์์ํ ํ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ๊ถ๊ฑฐ๋์(ํ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ฅด์ค)๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดดํ์ฌ ๋ฒจ ์ํฌํฌ๊ธฐ ํ๋์ค ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
| 394 |
+
}
|
| 395 |
+
]
|
| 396 |
+
},
|
| 397 |
+
{
|
| 398 |
+
"year": 1884,
|
| 399 |
+
"events": [
|
| 400 |
+
{
|
| 401 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 402 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1884 hits U.S. financial markets, temporarily halting the economic recovery during the Long Depression:contentReference[oaicite:34]{index=34}.",
|
| 403 |
+
"event_ko": "1884๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฆ๊ถํฌ์์ฌ๋ค์ ๋ถ์ค์ด ๋๋ฌ๋ ์ฃผ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฒฝ์์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์์ง ํ๋ณต ์ค์ด๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ถํฉ๊ธฐ์ ๋ ํ ์ฐจ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํํด๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค."
|
| 404 |
+
}
|
| 405 |
+
]
|
| 406 |
+
},
|
| 407 |
+
{
|
| 408 |
+
"year": 1885,
|
| 409 |
+
"events": [
|
| 410 |
+
{
|
| 411 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 412 |
+
"event_en": "European powers formalize the \"Scramble for Africa\" at the 1884โ85 Berlin Conference, establishing colonial spheres of influence across the continent.",
|
| 413 |
+
"event_ko": "1884-85๋
๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ํ์์์ ์ ๋ฝ ์ด๊ฐ์ด ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝํ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ถํ ์ ๊ณต์ํํ์ฌ ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด ๋๋ฅ ์ ์ญ์ ์๋ฏผ์ง๋ก ๋๋์ด ๊ฐ์ก๋ค."
|
| 414 |
+
}
|
| 415 |
+
]
|
| 416 |
+
},
|
| 417 |
+
{
|
| 418 |
+
"year": 1890,
|
| 419 |
+
"events": [
|
| 420 |
+
{
|
| 421 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 422 |
+
"event_en": "Londonโs Baring Brothers bank nearly collapses in 1890 due to Argentine debt exposure, sparking an international financial crisis averted by Bank of England intervention.",
|
| 423 |
+
"event_ko": "1890๋
์๊ตญ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ง์ค ์ํ์ด ์๋ฅดํจํฐ๋ ์ฑ๊ถ ๋ถ์ค๋ก ํ์ฐ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋์ํ์ ๊ฐ์
์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊น์ค๋ก ์์ต๋์๋ค."
|
| 424 |
+
}
|
| 425 |
+
]
|
| 426 |
+
},
|
| 427 |
+
{
|
| 428 |
+
"year": 1893,
|
| 429 |
+
"events": [
|
| 430 |
+
{
|
| 431 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 432 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1893 causes a severe recession in the United States, with the collapse of railroads and banks and high unemployment:contentReference[oaicite:35]{index=35}.",
|
| 433 |
+
"event_ko": "1893๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฒ ๋ํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ ๋์ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ์ต ๊ณตํฉ(1893๋
๊ณตํฉ)์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ๊ณผ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ์ค์
์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋น์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 434 |
+
}
|
| 435 |
+
]
|
| 436 |
+
},
|
| 437 |
+
{
|
| 438 |
+
"year": 1899,
|
| 439 |
+
"events": [
|
| 440 |
+
{
|
| 441 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 442 |
+
"event_en": "Europeโs new common currency, the euro, debuts in 1999, uniting 11 nations under one monetary system and reshaping international finance.",
|
| 443 |
+
"event_ko": "1999๋
์ ๋ฝ 11๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋จ์ผ ํตํ ์ ๋กํ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ํตํ ๋๋งน์ ์ถ๋ฒ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์ด์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ 2์ ๊ธฐ์ถํตํ ํ์์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต ์งํ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์๋ค."
|
| 444 |
+
}
|
| 445 |
+
]
|
| 446 |
+
},
|
| 447 |
+
{
|
| 448 |
+
"year": 1901,
|
| 449 |
+
"events": [
|
| 450 |
+
{
|
| 451 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 452 |
+
"event_en": "A stock frenzy surrounding the Northern Pacific Railway leads to the Panic of 1901 on Wall Street, one of the first 20th-century stock market crashes.",
|
| 453 |
+
"event_ko": "1901๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋
ธ๋ํผ์ํฝ ์ฒ ๋ ์ง๋ถ ๊ฒฝ์์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฑ๋ฝํ๋ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 1901๋
๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์๊ฐ์ ํ๋์ ์๋ฏธ์ ์ฒซ ์ฃผ์์์ฅ ๋ถ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค."
|
| 454 |
+
}
|
| 455 |
+
]
|
| 456 |
+
},
|
| 457 |
+
{
|
| 458 |
+
"year": 1905,
|
| 459 |
+
"events": [
|
| 460 |
+
{
|
| 461 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 462 |
+
"event_en": "Japanโs victory in the 1905 Russo-Japanese War signals the rise of a non-Western power and the weakening of Czarist Russiaโs influence in Asia.",
|
| 463 |
+
"event_ko": "1905๋
๋ฌ์ผ ์ ์์์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์น๋ฆฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์๊ตฌ ์ด๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฉํํ๊ณ ์ฐจ๋ฅด ๋ฌ์์์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฝํ๋์๋ค."
|
| 464 |
+
}
|
| 465 |
+
]
|
| 466 |
+
},
|
| 467 |
+
{
|
| 468 |
+
"year": 1907,
|
| 469 |
+
"events": [
|
| 470 |
+
{
|
| 471 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 472 |
+
"event_en": "The Panic of 1907 sees a run on banks in the U.S., leading to a stock market crash and the creation of the Federal Reserve System as a response:contentReference[oaicite:36]{index=36}.",
|
| 473 |
+
"event_ko": "1907๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฒฝ์์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋ค์ ๋ฑ
ํฌ๋ฐ์ด ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์(1907๋
๊ณตํฉ)ํ์ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๊ณ , ์ดํ ์ฐ์ค ์ค๋ฆฝ์ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค."
|
| 474 |
+
}
|
| 475 |
+
]
|
| 476 |
+
},
|
| 477 |
+
{
|
| 478 |
+
"year": 1911,
|
| 479 |
+
"events": [
|
| 480 |
+
{
|
| 481 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 482 |
+
"event_en": "The Xinhai Revolution in 1911 topples Chinaโs Qing Dynasty, ending thousands of years of imperial rule and leading to the founding of the Republic of China.",
|
| 483 |
+
"event_ko": "1911๋
์ ํดํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์ค๊ตญ ์ฒญ๋๋ผ๊ฐ ๋ฌด๋์ง๊ณ 2์ฒ ๋
์ด์ ์ด์ด์ง ์ ๊ตญ ํต์น๊ฐ ์ข
๊ฒฐ๋์ด ์คํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ด ์๋ฆฝ๋์๋ค."
|
| 484 |
+
}
|
| 485 |
+
]
|
| 486 |
+
},
|
| 487 |
+
{
|
| 488 |
+
"year": 1913,
|
| 489 |
+
"events": [
|
| 490 |
+
{
|
| 491 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 492 |
+
"event_en": "The U.S. Federal Reserve Act is signed, establishing a central bank (Federal Reserve) amid a financial recession to stabilize the economy:contentReference[oaicite:37]{index=37}.",
|
| 493 |
+
"event_ko": "1913๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค๋น๋ฒ์ ํต๊ณผ์์ผ ์ค์์ํ์ธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค๋น์ ๋(์ฐ์ค)๋ฅผ ์ค๋ฆฝํ์๋๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ๋น์ ์งํ ์ค์ด๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด ์์์ ๊ธ์ต ์์ ์ ๋๋ชจํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค."
|
| 494 |
+
}
|
| 495 |
+
]
|
| 496 |
+
},
|
| 497 |
+
{
|
| 498 |
+
"year": 1914,
|
| 499 |
+
"events": [
|
| 500 |
{
|
| 501 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 502 |
+
"event_en": "World War I erupts, shattering the century-long international order established after the Napoleonic Wars:contentReference[oaicite:38]{index=38}.",
|
| 503 |
+
"event_ko": "1914๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ 19์ธ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ์ง์๋ ๊ตญ์ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ฐ์ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋ฌ๋ค."
|
| 504 |
+
},
|
| 505 |
+
{
|
| 506 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 507 |
+
"event_en": "The outbreak of World War I in 1914 forces the closure of stock markets (Financial Crisis of 1914) as investors panic and gold hoarding ensues.",
|
| 508 |
+
"event_ko": "1914๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฐ๋ก ์ธ๊ณ ๊ธ์ต์์ฅ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฅ์ณ ์ฃผ์๊ตญ๋ค์ด ๊ธ๋ณธ์๋ฅผ ์ผ์ ์ค์งํ๊ณ ์ฆ๊ถ ๊ฑฐ๋์๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 509 |
}
|
| 510 |
]
|
| 511 |
},
|
| 512 |
{
|
| 513 |
+
"year": 1917,
|
| 514 |
"events": [
|
| 515 |
{
|
| 516 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 517 |
+
"event_en": "Russiaโs Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 establishes the first communist state, withdrawing Russia from WWI and igniting a global ideological struggle.",
|
| 518 |
+
"event_ko": "1917๋
๋ฌ์์์์ ๋ณผ์
ฐ๋นํค ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด์ ๊ณต์ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ(์๋น์ํธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ)๊ฐ ์๋ฆฝ๋๋ฉด์ ์๋ณธ์ฃผ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์๋ก์ด ์ด๋
์ ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๋์๋ค."
|
| 519 |
}
|
| 520 |
]
|
| 521 |
},
|
| 522 |
{
|
| 523 |
+
"year": 1918,
|
| 524 |
+
"events": [
|
| 525 |
+
{
|
| 526 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 527 |
+
"event_en": "A post-World War I recession (1918โ1921) strikes as wartime demand ends and economies struggle to retool for peace:contentReference[oaicite:39]{index=39}.",
|
| 528 |
+
"event_ko": "1918๋
์ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๊ณ ์ ์ ์์๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์นจ์ฒด๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ค์ด 1921๋
๊น์ง ์ด์ด์ง๋ ๋ถํฉ์ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
| 529 |
+
}
|
| 530 |
+
]
|
| 531 |
+
},
|
| 532 |
+
{
|
| 533 |
+
"year": 1920,
|
| 534 |
+
"events": [
|
| 535 |
+
{
|
| 536 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 537 |
+
"event_en": "The 1920โ21 recession, triggered by tight monetary policy after World War I, causes sharp deflation and unemployment in the U.S.:contentReference[oaicite:40]{index=40}.",
|
| 538 |
+
"event_ko": "1920๋
~21๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ฐ์ค์ ๊ธด์ถ ์ ์ฑ
๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ด์ด ์ง์ ๋๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ด ๊ธ๋ฑํ๋ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค."
|
| 539 |
+
}
|
| 540 |
+
]
|
| 541 |
+
},
|
| 542 |
+
{
|
| 543 |
+
"year": 1923,
|
| 544 |
"events": [
|
| 545 |
{
|
| 546 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 547 |
+
"event_en": "Germany experiences hyperinflation in 1923, rendering its currency nearly worthless and destabilizing the post-WWI European economy.",
|
| 548 |
+
"event_ko": "1923๋
๋
์ผ์์ ํ์ดํผ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ํํ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์ฌํ ํผ๋์ด ์ด๋๋์ด ์ ์ ํ ์ ๋ฝ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ค๋ ธ๋ค."
|
| 549 |
}
|
| 550 |
]
|
| 551 |
},
|
| 552 |
{
|
| 553 |
+
"year": 1929,
|
| 554 |
"events": [
|
| 555 |
{
|
| 556 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 557 |
+
"event_en": "The Wall Street Crash of 1929 wipes out billions in wealth and sparks the Great Depression, a decade-long global economic collapse:contentReference[oaicite:41]{index=41}.",
|
| 558 |
+
"event_ko": "1929๋
์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์์์ฅ ๋ถ๊ดด(๋๊ณตํฉ์ ์์)๋ก ์์กฐ ๋ฌ๋ฌ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ์ฌ์ฐ์ด ์ฆ๋ฐํ์๊ณ , ์ ์ธ๊ณ๊ฐ 10๋
๊ฐ ์ง์๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ถ๊ดด์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
| 559 |
}
|
| 560 |
]
|
| 561 |
},
|
| 562 |
{
|
| 563 |
+
"year": 1933,
|
| 564 |
+
"events": [
|
| 565 |
+
{
|
| 566 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 567 |
+
"event_en": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt takes the U.S. off the gold standard in 1933 and declares a bank holiday to halt bank runs during the Great Depression.",
|
| 568 |
+
"event_ko": "1933๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฃจ์ค๋ฒจํธ ๋ํต๋ น์ด ๊ธ๋ณธ์์ ๋ฅผ ํ์งํ๊ณ ์ํ ํด์
๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ค ๋๊ณตํฉ๊ธฐ ์ฐ์ด์ ๋ฑ
ํฌ๋ฐ์ ๋ง๋ ๋ฑ ๊ธ์ต ์์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋จํํ๋ค."
|
| 569 |
+
}
|
| 570 |
+
]
|
| 571 |
+
},
|
| 572 |
+
{
|
| 573 |
+
"year": 1937,
|
| 574 |
"events": [
|
| 575 |
{
|
| 576 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 577 |
+
"event_en": "The โRoosevelt Recessionโ of 1937โ38 interrupts the New Deal recovery, with U.S. industrial output falling and unemployment rising again:contentReference[oaicite:42]{index=42}.",
|
| 578 |
+
"event_ko": "1937๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ด๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ํ ์ค ์ ๋ถ ์ง์ถ ์ถ์์ ๊ธด์ถ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋ฑ์ธ๊ฐ ๊บพ์ฌ 1937-38๋
์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ(๋ฃจ์ฆ๋ฒจํธ ๋ถํฉ)์ด ๋ค์ ์ฐพ์์ ์ฐ์
์์ฐ์ด ๊ธ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์ค์
์ด ์ฌ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ค."
|
| 579 |
}
|
| 580 |
]
|
| 581 |
},
|
| 582 |
{
|
| 583 |
+
"year": 1939,
|
| 584 |
"events": [
|
| 585 |
{
|
| 586 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 587 |
+
"event_en": "Nazi Germanyโs invasion of Poland in 1939 sparks World War II as Britain and France declare war on Germany, marking the start of the deadliest conflict in history.",
|
| 588 |
+
"event_ko": "1939๋
๋์น ๋
์ผ์ ํด๋๋ ์นจ๊ณต์ผ๋ก ์ 2์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋์ ์๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ๋์ค๊ฐ ๋
์ผ์ ์ ์ ํฌ๊ณ ํ์๊ณ , ์ธ๋ฅ ์ญ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฐธํนํ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ์ ์์ด ์์๋์๋ค."
|
| 589 |
}
|
| 590 |
]
|
| 591 |
},
|
| 592 |
{
|
| 593 |
+
"year": 1941,
|
| 594 |
+
"events": [
|
| 595 |
+
{
|
| 596 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 597 |
+
"event_en": "The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 brings the United States into World War II, decisively turning the conflict into a truly global war.",
|
| 598 |
+
"event_ko": "1941๋
12์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ง์ฃผ๋ง์ ๊ธฐ์ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ 2์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ ์ฐธ์ ํ์ฌ ์ ์์ด ์ง์ ํ ์ธ๊ณ ์ ์ ์์์ผ๋ก ์น๋ฌ์๋ค."
|
| 599 |
+
}
|
| 600 |
+
]
|
| 601 |
+
},
|
| 602 |
+
{
|
| 603 |
+
"year": 1944,
|
| 604 |
"events": [
|
| 605 |
{
|
| 606 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 607 |
+
"event_en": "Allied nations sign the Bretton Woods Agreement, creating the IMF and World Bank and shaping a new international financial order:contentReference[oaicite:43]{index=43}.",
|
| 608 |
+
"event_ko": "1944๋
๋ธ๋ ํผ์ฐ์ฆ ํ์์์ ๊ตญ์ ํตํ๊ธฐ๊ธ(IMF)๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณ์ํ์ด ์ฐฝ์ค๋๊ณ ์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ฌ ์ค์ฌ์ ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต์ง์๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ๋์๋ค."
|
| 609 |
+
}
|
| 610 |
+
]
|
| 611 |
+
},
|
| 612 |
+
{
|
| 613 |
+
"year": 1945,
|
| 614 |
+
"events": [
|
| 615 |
+
{
|
| 616 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 617 |
+
"event_en": "World War II ends with the United States emerging as a leading superpower, ushering in an American-led global order:contentReference[oaicite:44]{index=44}.",
|
| 618 |
+
"event_ko": "1945๋
์ 2์ฐจ ์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ด ์ข
์ ๋๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ๋์ ์ธ ์ด๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ์ ํ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ง์๊ฐ ํ๋ฆฝ๋์๋ค."
|
| 619 |
},
|
| 620 |
{
|
| 621 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 622 |
+
"event_en": "The end of World War II leads to demobilization and brief economic turmoil as millions of soldiers return to civilian life.",
|
| 623 |
+
"event_ko": "1945๋
์ธ๊ณ๋์ ์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฐ์์ฐ์
์ด ๊ธ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์ฒ๋ง ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณต๊ทํ๋ฉด์ ์ผ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํผ๋๊ณผ ์ค์
์ฆ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ ๊ณง ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ก์ ์ ํ์ด ์งํ๋์๋ค."
|
| 624 |
}
|
| 625 |
]
|
| 626 |
},
|
| 627 |
{
|
| 628 |
+
"year": 1947,
|
| 629 |
+
"events": [
|
| 630 |
+
{
|
| 631 |
+
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
| 632 |
+
"event_en": "Bell Labs invents the transistor, revolutionizing electronics and ushering in the modern Information Age:contentReference[oaicite:45]{index=45}.",
|
| 633 |
+
"event_ko": "1947๋
๋ฒจ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์์ ํธ๋์ง์คํฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ช
๋์ด ์ ์๊ณตํ์ ํ๋ช
์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ฉฐ ํ๋ ์ ๋ณดํ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ด ๋์๋ค."
|
| 634 |
+
},
|
| 635 |
+
{
|
| 636 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 637 |
+
"event_en": "The United States launches the Marshall Plan in 1947, pumping billions into Europeโs reconstruction and solidifying U.S. economic leadership in the West.",
|
| 638 |
+
"event_ko": "1947๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ง์
ํ๋์ ์ํํ์ฌ ์์ ๋ฝ์ ์ ํ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋ง๋ํ ์์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์๋ฐฉ ์ง์์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ฃผ๋๊ถ์ ํ๊ณ ํ ํ๋ค."
|
| 639 |
+
}
|
| 640 |
+
]
|
| 641 |
+
},
|
| 642 |
+
{
|
| 643 |
+
"year": 1948,
|
| 644 |
+
"events": [
|
| 645 |
+
{
|
| 646 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 647 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1948โ49 hits the United States as postwar consumer demand cools and factories retool from wartime production, raising unemployment until the Korean War stimulates recovery.",
|
| 648 |
+
"event_ko": "1948-49๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์์๊ฐ ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ ์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ ํ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์์ผ๋, 1950๋
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ํน์๋ก ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋ณต๋์๋ค."
|
| 649 |
+
}
|
| 650 |
+
]
|
| 651 |
+
},
|
| 652 |
+
{
|
| 653 |
+
"year": 1949,
|
| 654 |
"events": [
|
| 655 |
{
|
| 656 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 657 |
+
"event_en": "Mao Zedong proclaims the Peopleโs Republic of China, creating a socialist state that soon begins to emerge as a global power:contentReference[oaicite:46]{index=46}.",
|
| 658 |
+
"event_ko": "1949๋
๋ง์ค์ฉ๋ฅ์ด ์คํ์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ๊ตญ ์๋ฆฝ์ ์ ํฌํ์ฌ ์ค๊ตญ์ ์ฌํ์ฃผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ก ์ฌํธํ์๊ณ ์ค๊ตญ์ ์ดํ ์ธ๊ณ์ ๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค."
|
| 659 |
},
|
| 660 |
+
{
|
| 661 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 662 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1948โ49 hits the United States as postwar consumer demand cools and factories retool from wartime production, raising unemployment until the Korean War stimulates recovery.",
|
| 663 |
+
"event_ko": "1948-49๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์์๊ฐ ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ ์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ ํ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์์ผ๋, 1950๋
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ํน์๋ก ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋ณต๋์๋ค."
|
| 664 |
+
}
|
| 665 |
+
]
|
| 666 |
+
},
|
| 667 |
+
{
|
| 668 |
+
"year": 1950,
|
| 669 |
+
"events": [
|
| 670 |
+
{
|
| 671 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 672 |
+
"event_en": "The Korean War erupts in 1950 as North Korea invades South Korea, leading to a U.S.-led UN intervention and a proxy conflict of the Cold War.",
|
| 673 |
+
"event_ko": "1950๋
๋ถํ์ ๋จ์นจ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ตญ์ ์์ด ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ์๊ตฐ์ด ๊ฐ์
ํ๊ณ ์ดํ ์ค๊ตญ๊ตฐ์ด ์ฐธ์ ํ์ฌ ํ๋ฐ๋๊ฐ ๋์ ์ ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง๋ก ๋ถ์ํ๋ค."
|
| 674 |
+
}
|
| 675 |
+
]
|
| 676 |
+
},
|
| 677 |
+
{
|
| 678 |
+
"year": 1953,
|
| 679 |
+
"events": [
|
| 680 |
+
{
|
| 681 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 682 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1953โ54 follows the Korean War, as U.S. defense spending drops and unemployment climbs.",
|
| 683 |
+
"event_ko": "1953๋
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ์ข
์ ํ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์ง์ถ ๊ฐ์์ ์ํฅ์ผ๋ก 1953-54๋
์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐํํด๊ฐ ๋ํ๋ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ด ์์นํ๋ค."
|
| 684 |
+
}
|
| 685 |
+
]
|
| 686 |
+
},
|
| 687 |
+
{
|
| 688 |
+
"year": 1956,
|
| 689 |
+
"events": [
|
| 690 |
+
{
|
| 691 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 692 |
+
"event_en": "The 1956 Suez Crisis sees Britain and Franceโs failed attempt to seize the Suez Canal, marking the end of Britainโs role as a global imperial power.",
|
| 693 |
+
"event_ko": "1956๋
์ด์งํธ์ ์์์ฆ ์ดํ ๊ตญ์ ํ์ ์๊ตญยทํ๋์คยท์ด์ค๋ผ์์ด ๊ตฐ์ฌ๊ฐ์
ํ์ผ๋ ๊ตญ์ ์๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ์ฒ ๊ตฐํ๋ฉด์ ์๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ๋์ค์ ์ ๊ตญ์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ์ํ ์ฝํ๋์๋ค."
|
| 694 |
+
}
|
| 695 |
+
]
|
| 696 |
+
},
|
| 697 |
+
{
|
| 698 |
+
"year": 1957,
|
| 699 |
+
"events": [
|
| 700 |
+
{
|
| 701 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 702 |
+
"event_en": "The Treaty of Rome is signed in 1957, establishing the European Economic Community and marking a milestone in postwar economic integration.",
|
| 703 |
+
"event_ko": "1957๋
3์ ๋ก๋ง ์กฐ์ฝ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋ฝ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณต๋์ฒด(EEC)๊ฐ ์ถ๋ฒํ์ฌ ์ ํ ์์ ๋ฝ ๊ฒฝ์ ํตํฉ์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ๋์๋ค."
|
| 704 |
+
}
|
| 705 |
+
]
|
| 706 |
+
},
|
| 707 |
+
{
|
| 708 |
+
"year": 1958,
|
| 709 |
+
"events": [
|
| 710 |
+
{
|
| 711 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 712 |
+
"event_en": "The 1958 recession hits the United States, marked by a sharp downturn in industrial production and the highest unemployment since the 1930s.",
|
| 713 |
+
"event_ko": "1958๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ ์กฐ์
์์ฐ ๊ธ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์ค์
๋ฅ ๊ธ๋ฑ์ ๋๋ฐํ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ 1930๋
๋ ๋๊ณตํฉ ์ดํ ์ต์
์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์๋ค."
|
| 714 |
+
}
|
| 715 |
+
]
|
| 716 |
+
},
|
| 717 |
+
{
|
| 718 |
+
"year": 1960,
|
| 719 |
+
"events": [
|
| 720 |
+
{
|
| 721 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 722 |
+
"event_en": "A brief recession in 1960โ61 slows growth in the U.S., contributing to John F. Kennedyโs narrow election victory.",
|
| 723 |
+
"event_ko": "1960๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ํฌ์ ์์ถ๊ณผ ์ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ ํด ๋์ ์์ ์กด F. ์ผ๋ค๋์ ์น๋ฆฌ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋ค."
|
| 724 |
+
}
|
| 725 |
+
]
|
| 726 |
+
},
|
| 727 |
+
{
|
| 728 |
+
"year": 1962,
|
| 729 |
+
"events": [
|
| 730 |
+
{
|
| 731 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 732 |
+
"event_en": "In the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and Soviet Union come perilously close to nuclear war, before a negotiated withdrawal defuses the situation.",
|
| 733 |
+
"event_ko": "1962๋
์ฟ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์ฌ์ผ ์๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์๋ จ์ด ํต์ ์ ์ง์ ๊น์ง ๊ฐ์ง๋ง ํ์์ ํตํด ์๋ จ์ด ๋ฏธ์ฌ์ผ์ ์ฒ ์ํ๋ฉฐ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํด์๋์๊ณ ์ดํ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๊ธด์ฅ ์ํ์ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ จ๋์๋ค."
|
| 734 |
+
}
|
| 735 |
+
]
|
| 736 |
+
},
|
| 737 |
+
{
|
| 738 |
+
"year": 1969,
|
| 739 |
+
"events": [
|
| 740 |
+
{
|
| 741 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 742 |
+
"event_en": "The U.S. Apollo 11 mission lands the first humans on the Moon in 1969, showcasing American technological prowess at the height of the Cold War space race.",
|
| 743 |
+
"event_ko": "1969๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ํด๋ก 11ํธ๊ฐ ์ธ๋ฅ ์ต์ด๋ก ๋ฌ์ ์ฐฉ๋ฅํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ ์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ฐ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ๊ณผ์ํ๋ค."
|
| 744 |
+
}
|
| 745 |
+
]
|
| 746 |
+
},
|
| 747 |
+
{
|
| 748 |
+
"year": 1970,
|
| 749 |
+
"events": [
|
| 750 |
+
{
|
| 751 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 752 |
+
"event_en": "A mild recession in 1969โ1970 hits the U.S. as the Vietnam War spending peaks and the Federal Reserve tightens credit to combat inflation.",
|
| 753 |
+
"event_ko": "1969-70๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ฒ ํธ๋จ์ ๋น์ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๊ธด์ถ ํตํ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ฌํ๋ก ์๋งํ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
| 754 |
+
}
|
| 755 |
+
]
|
| 756 |
+
},
|
| 757 |
+
{
|
| 758 |
+
"year": 1971,
|
| 759 |
+
"events": [
|
| 760 |
{
|
| 761 |
"cycle": "K-Wave",
|
| 762 |
+
"event_en": "Intel releases the 4004 microprocessor, integrating a computer CPU on one chip and launching the digital revolution:contentReference[oaicite:47]{index=47}.",
|
| 763 |
+
"event_ko": "1971๋
์ธํ
์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด์ ์์
์ฉ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋กํ๋ก์ธ์ 4004๋ฅผ ์ถ์ํ์ฌ ์ปดํจํฐ ์ค์์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ฅ์น๋ฅผ ๋จ์ผ ์นฉ์ ์ง์ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋์งํธ ํ๋ช
์ ์๋ง์ ์ด์๋ค."
|
| 764 |
+
},
|
| 765 |
+
{
|
| 766 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 767 |
+
"event_en": "U.S. President Nixon ends the dollarโs convertibility to gold, effectively collapsing the Bretton Woods monetary system (\"Nixon Shock\"):contentReference[oaicite:48]{index=48}.",
|
| 768 |
+
"event_ko": "1971๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋์จ ๋ํต๋ น์ด ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ๊ธ์ ํํ์ ์ค์ง(๋์จ ์ผํฌ)ํ์ฌ ๋ธ๋ ํผ์ฐ์ฆ ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดด๋๊ณ ๋ณ๋ํ์จ ์๋๋ก ์ ํ๋์๋ค."
|
| 769 |
}
|
| 770 |
]
|
| 771 |
},
|
|
|
|
| 773 |
"year": 1973,
|
| 774 |
"events": [
|
| 775 |
{
|
| 776 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 777 |
+
"event_en": "OPECโs oil embargo quadruples oil prices, igniting a global energy crisis and stagflation that end the postwar economic boom:contentReference[oaicite:49]{index=49}.",
|
| 778 |
+
"event_ko": "1973๋
์๋์ฐ์ ๊ตญ์ ์์ ๊ธ์์กฐ์น๋ก ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4๋ฐฐ ๊ธ๋ฑํ๊ณ ์คํ๊ทธํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ ํ ์ง์๋ ๊ณ ๋์ฑ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค."
|
| 779 |
},
|
| 780 |
{
|
| 781 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 782 |
+
"event_en": "The 1973โ75 recession, triggered by the oil shock and end of Bretton Woods, causes stagflation in many Western economies:contentReference[oaicite:50]{index=50}.",
|
| 783 |
+
"event_ko": "1973๋
์์ ํ๋๊ณผ ๋ธ๋ ํผ์ฐ์ฆ ์ฒด์ ๋ถ๊ดด ํ์ ์ฆ์ผ๋ก 1973-75๋
์ ์๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ ์คํ๊ทธํ๋ ์ด์
๊ณผ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋ถํฉ์ด ๋ฅ์ณค๋ค."
|
| 784 |
}
|
| 785 |
]
|
| 786 |
},
|
| 787 |
{
|
| 788 |
+
"year": 1978,
|
| 789 |
"events": [
|
| 790 |
{
|
| 791 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 792 |
+
"event_en": "China (under Deng Xiaoping) begins โreform and openingโ in 1978, transforming its economy and reshaping global trade dynamics:contentReference[oaicite:51]{index=51}.",
|
| 793 |
+
"event_ko": "1978๋
๋ฉ์ค์คํ ์ง๊ถํ ์ค๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐํ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ํ์ฌ ์ฌํ์ฃผ์ ๊ณํ๊ฒฝ์ ์์ ์์ฅ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ก ์ ํ์ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ญ ์ฒด์ ์ ํธ์
๋๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค."
|
| 794 |
+
}
|
| 795 |
+
]
|
| 796 |
+
},
|
| 797 |
+
{
|
| 798 |
+
"year": 1979,
|
| 799 |
+
"events": [
|
| 800 |
+
{
|
| 801 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 802 |
+
"event_en": "The year 1979 sees a strategic upheaval: Iranโs Islamic Revolution ousts a key U.S. ally in the Middle East, and the Soviet Unionโs invasion of Afghanistan that year exacerbates Cold War tensions in Asia.",
|
| 803 |
+
"event_ko": "1979๋
์ด๋์์ ์ด์ฌ๋ ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ค๋ ๋๋งน ์ฒด์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ค๋ ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ํด ์๋ จ์ด ์ํ๊ฐ๋์คํ์ ์นจ๊ณตํ์ฌ ๋์ ์ด ์ 3์ธ๊ณ๋ก ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค."
|
| 804 |
},
|
| 805 |
{
|
| 806 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 807 |
+
"event_en": "The 1979 Iranian Revolution triggers a second oil shock; oil prices double, contributing to global inflation and a new recession in the early 1980s.",
|
| 808 |
+
"event_ko": "1979๋
์ด๋ ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์์ ์์ฐ์ด ์ฐจ์ง์ ๋น์ ์ 2์ฐจ ์ค์ผ ์ผํฌ๋ก ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฐจ ํญ๋ฑํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ๋ ์ด์
์ ๋ถ์ถ๊ธฐ๊ณ 1980๋
๋ ์ด๋ฐ ๋ถํฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์๋ค."
|
| 809 |
}
|
| 810 |
]
|
| 811 |
},
|
| 812 |
{
|
| 813 |
+
"year": 1981,
|
| 814 |
+
"events": [
|
| 815 |
+
{
|
| 816 |
+
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 817 |
+
"event_en": "The early 1980s recession (1981โ82), induced by anti-inflation interest rate hikes, drives global unemployment to postwar highs.",
|
| 818 |
+
"event_ko": "1981-82๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฐ์ค์ ๊ณ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก ์ด๋๋ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ '๋ณผ์ปค ๋ถํฉ'์ด ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ก ํ๊ธ๋์ด ์ ํ ์ต๊ณ ์์ค์ ์ค์
๋ฅ ์ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค."
|
| 819 |
+
}
|
| 820 |
+
]
|
| 821 |
+
},
|
| 822 |
+
{
|
| 823 |
+
"year": 1985,
|
| 824 |
+
"events": [
|
| 825 |
+
{
|
| 826 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 827 |
+
"event_en": "Major economies sign the Plaza Accord in 1985 to depreciate the U.S. dollar and correct trade imbalances, marking a rare coordinated currency intervention.",
|
| 828 |
+
"event_ko": "1985๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฑ ์ฃผ์ 5๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ํ๋ผ์ ํฉ์๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ณ ํ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ฌ ํ์จ์ ์ธ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ ํ ๋๋ฌธ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ํตํ ๊ฐ์
์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋จ๊ฒผ๋ค."
|
| 829 |
+
}
|
| 830 |
+
]
|
| 831 |
+
},
|
| 832 |
+
{
|
| 833 |
+
"year": 1987,
|
| 834 |
+
"events": [
|
| 835 |
+
{
|
| 836 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 837 |
+
"event_en": "โBlack Mondayโ sees stock markets crash worldwide as the Dow Jones plunges 22% in a day, erasing trillions in market value:contentReference[oaicite:52]{index=52}.",
|
| 838 |
+
"event_ko": "1987๋
\"๋ธ๋ ๋จผ๋ฐ์ด\" ์ฃผ์ ๋ํญ๋ฝ์ด ๋ฐ์ํด ๋ค์ฐ์ง์๊ฐ ํ๋ฃจ 22% ๊ธ๋ฝํ๊ณ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ฆ์์์ ์์กฐ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์๊ฐ์ด์ก์ด ์ฆ๋ฐํ๋ค."
|
| 839 |
+
}
|
| 840 |
+
]
|
| 841 |
+
},
|
| 842 |
+
{
|
| 843 |
+
"year": 1989,
|
| 844 |
"events": [
|
| 845 |
{
|
| 846 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 847 |
+
"event_en": "The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolizes the collapse of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe and accelerates the end of the Cold War division of Europe.",
|
| 848 |
+
"event_ko": "1989๋
๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์ฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ๋์ ๋ฝ ๊ณต์ฐ ์ ๊ถ๋ค์ด ์ฐ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด๋์ง๊ณ ๋์ ์๋์ ์ ๋ฝ ๋ถ๋จ ์ง์๊ฐ ๊ธ์ํ ์ข
์๋์๋ค."
|
| 849 |
}
|
| 850 |
]
|
| 851 |
},
|
| 852 |
{
|
| 853 |
+
"year": 1991,
|
| 854 |
"events": [
|
| 855 |
{
|
| 856 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 857 |
+
"event_en": "The Soviet Union dissolves, ending the Cold War and leaving the United States as the worldโs sole superpower:contentReference[oaicite:53]{index=53}.",
|
| 858 |
+
"event_ko": "1991๋
์๋น์ํธ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ด ํด์ฒด๋์ด ๋์ ์ด ์ข
๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์ ์ผ์ ์ด๊ฐ๋๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋จ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค."
|
| 859 |
},
|
| 860 |
{
|
| 861 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 862 |
+
"event_en": "A recession in 1990โ91 strikes the U.S. and other nations, ending the long 1980s boom amid high oil prices and credit constraints.",
|
| 863 |
+
"event_ko": "1990-91๋
๊ฑธํ์ ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฑ์ ์ํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฑ ์ฃผ์๊ตญ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด์ ๋น ์ ธ 1980๋
๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ํธํฉ์ด ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค."
|
| 864 |
}
|
| 865 |
]
|
| 866 |
},
|
| 867 |
{
|
| 868 |
+
"year": 1994,
|
| 869 |
+
"events": [
|
| 870 |
+
{
|
| 871 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 872 |
+
"event_en": "Mexicoโs Peso Crisis in 1994 sees a sudden devaluation of the peso, requiring a $50ย billion U.S.-IMF bailout to prevent global contagion.",
|
| 873 |
+
"event_ko": "1994๋
๋ฉ์์ฝ๊ฐ ํ์ ๊ฐ์น ํญ๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ์๊ธฐ์ ๋น ์ง์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ IMF๊ฐ 500์ต ๋ฌ๋ฌ ๊ตฌ์ ๊ธ์ต์ ์ ๊ณตํด ์ ํฅ์์ฅ ์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก์ ์๊ธฐ ํ๊ธ์ ๋ง์๋ค."
|
| 874 |
+
}
|
| 875 |
+
]
|
| 876 |
+
},
|
| 877 |
+
{
|
| 878 |
+
"year": 1997,
|
| 879 |
+
"events": [
|
| 880 |
+
{
|
| 881 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 882 |
+
"event_en": "The Asian Financial Crisis erupts, causing currencies and markets across East Asia to collapse and requiring international bailouts:contentReference[oaicite:54]{index=54}.",
|
| 883 |
+
"event_ko": "1997๋
์์์ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ํ๊ตญ ๋ฐํธํ ํญ๋ฝ์ ์์์ผ๋ก ๋์์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ํตํยท์ฆ์๊ฐ ๋ถ๊ดดํ๊ณ IMF ๊ตฌ์ ๊ธ์ต์ ๋ฐ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 884 |
+
}
|
| 885 |
+
]
|
| 886 |
+
},
|
| 887 |
+
{
|
| 888 |
+
"year": 1998,
|
| 889 |
"events": [
|
| 890 |
{
|
| 891 |
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 892 |
+
"event_en": "Russiaโs government defaults in 1998 amid a ruble collapse and low oil prices, triggering global market panic and the collapse of hedge fund LTCM.",
|
| 893 |
+
"event_ko": "1998๋
๋ฌ์์๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ผํ ๋ฆฌ์(์ฑ๋ฌด ๋ถ์ดํ)๊ณผ ๋ฃจ๋ธํ ํ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ณ ์์ฅ์ด ์๋์น๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํค์งํ๋ LTCM์ด ํ์ฐ ์ง์ ๊น์ง ๋ชฐ๋ ธ๋ค."
|
| 894 |
+
}
|
| 895 |
+
]
|
| 896 |
+
},
|
| 897 |
+
{
|
| 898 |
+
"year": 1999,
|
| 899 |
+
"events": [
|
| 900 |
+
{
|
| 901 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 902 |
+
"event_en": "The Euro currency launches in 1999, uniting 11 European nations in a monetary union and creating the second-largest reserve currency globally.",
|
| 903 |
+
"event_ko": "1999๋
์ ๋ฝ 11๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋จ์ผ ํตํ ์ ๋กํ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ์ฌ ํตํ ๋๋งน์ ์ถ๋ฒ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ์ ์ด์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ 2์ ๊ธฐ์ถํตํ ํ์์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์ ๊ธ์ต ์งํ์ ๋ฐ๊พธ์๋ค."
|
| 904 |
+
}
|
| 905 |
+
]
|
| 906 |
+
},
|
| 907 |
+
{
|
| 908 |
+
"year": 2001,
|
| 909 |
+
"events": [
|
| 910 |
+
{
|
| 911 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 912 |
+
"event_en": "Al-Qaedaโs September 11 attacks on the U.S. kill nearly 3,000 people and prompt the U.S.-led global \"War on Terror\":contentReference[oaicite:55]{index=55}.",
|
| 913 |
+
"event_ko": "2001๋
9์ 11์ผ ์์นด์๋ค์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ
๋ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฝ 3์ฒ ๋ช
์ด ์ฌ๋งํ์๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ํ
๋ฌ์์ ์ ์์ ์ฐฉ์ํ๋ฉฐ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์๋ณด ์ง์๊ฐ ์ฌํธ๋์๋ค."
|
| 914 |
},
|
| 915 |
{
|
| 916 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 917 |
+
"event_en": "The Dot-com bubble bursts in 2000, leading to an early-2000s recession as technology stocks crash and investment dries up:contentReference[oaicite:56]{index=56}.",
|
| 918 |
+
"event_ko": "2000๋
๋ ์ด ๋ท์ปด ๋ฒ๋ธ ๋ถ๊ดด๋ก ๊ธฐ์ ์ฃผ ์ฃผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํญ๋ฝํ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์
ํฌ์๊ฐ ์์ถ๋์ด 2001๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ๋น๋กฏํ ์ ์ง๊ตญ๋ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์๋ค."
|
| 919 |
+
}
|
| 920 |
+
]
|
| 921 |
+
},
|
| 922 |
+
{
|
| 923 |
+
"year": 2008,
|
| 924 |
+
"events": [
|
| 925 |
+
{
|
| 926 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 927 |
+
"event_en": "A U.S. subprime mortgage bubble bursts in 2008, triggering a global financial crisis and the deepest recession since the 1930s:contentReference[oaicite:57]{index=57}.",
|
| 928 |
+
"event_ko": "2008๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์๋ธํ๋ผ์ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง ๊ฑฐํ์ด ๋ถ๊ดด๋์ด ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ธ์ต์๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฒ์ง๋ฉฐ ์ํ๋ค์ด ๋์ฐํ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ 1930๋
๋ ์ด๋ ์ต์
์ ๋ถํฉ์ ๋น ์ก๋ค."
|
| 929 |
+
}
|
| 930 |
+
]
|
| 931 |
+
},
|
| 932 |
+
{
|
| 933 |
+
"year": 2010,
|
| 934 |
+
"events": [
|
| 935 |
+
{
|
| 936 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 937 |
+
"event_en": "The European sovereign debt crisis peaks around 2010 as Greece and other eurozone countries face debt defaults, testing the resilience of the euro:contentReference[oaicite:58]{index=58}.",
|
| 938 |
+
"event_ko": "2010๋
๊ฒฝ ์ ๋ฝ์์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค, ์์ผ๋๋ ๋ฑ ๋จ์ ๋ฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ถ์ฑ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ต๊ณ ์กฐ์ ๋ฌํด EU์ IMF๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ ๊ธ์ต์ ๋์ฐ๊ณ , ์ ๋ก์กด ํตํ ์ฒด์ ์ ์์ ์ฑ์ด ์ํ๋์ ์ฌ๋๋ค."
|
| 939 |
+
}
|
| 940 |
+
]
|
| 941 |
+
},
|
| 942 |
+
{
|
| 943 |
+
"year": 2011,
|
| 944 |
+
"events": [
|
| 945 |
+
{
|
| 946 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 947 |
+
"event_en": "Arab Spring uprisings spread across the Middle East in 2011, toppling longtime rulers in countries like Egypt and Libya and destabilizing the regional order.",
|
| 948 |
+
"event_ko": "2011๋
์ค๋๊ณผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด์์ '์๋์ ๋ด' ์๋ฏผ ๋ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ด์งํธยท๋ฆฌ๋น์ ๋ฑ์์ ๋
์ฌ ์ ๊ถ์ด ๋ฌด๋์ง๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ง์ญ ๋ถ์์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ก๋ค."
|
| 949 |
}
|
| 950 |
]
|
| 951 |
},
|
| 952 |
{
|
| 953 |
"year": 2014,
|
| 954 |
+
"events": [
|
| 955 |
+
{
|
| 956 |
+
"cycle": "Finance",
|
| 957 |
+
"event_en": "Global oil prices collapse in 2014 after a supply glut, causing financial stress in oil-exporting nations and a sharp investment downturn in the energy sector.",
|
| 958 |
+
"event_ko": "2014๋
์ธ๊ณ ์์ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๊ธ ๊ณผ์๊ณผ OPEC์ ๊ฐ์ฐ ๋ฏธํฉ์๋ก ๊ตญ์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฝํ๋ฉด์ ์ฐ์ ๊ตญ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ ์ ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์๋์ง ์
๊ณ์ ๋์ฐ์ด ์์ถํ๋ค."
|
| 959 |
+
}
|
| 960 |
+
]
|
| 961 |
+
},
|
| 962 |
+
{
|
| 963 |
+
"year": 2016,
|
| 964 |
+
"events": [
|
| 965 |
+
{
|
| 966 |
+
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 967 |
+
"event_en": "The United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union (Brexit) in 2016, reflecting rising nationalism and challenging the post-Cold War international order.",
|
| 968 |
+
"event_ko": "2016๋
์๊ตญ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผํฌํ๋ก ์ ๋ฝ์ฐํฉ(EU) ํํด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ (๋ธ๋ ์ํธ)ํ์ฌ ์๊ตฌ ํตํฉ ์ง์์ ๊ท ์ด์ด ์๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณํ์ ๋ํ ํ์๊ฐ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค."
|
| 969 |
+
}
|
| 970 |
+
]
|
| 971 |
+
},
|
| 972 |
+
{
|
| 973 |
+
"year": 2018,
|
| 974 |
"events": [
|
| 975 |
{
|
| 976 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 977 |
+
"event_en": "A U.S.โChina trade war erupts in 2018 as the worldโs two largest economies impose tariffs on each other, indicating intensifying great-power economic rivalry.",
|
| 978 |
+
"event_ko": "2018๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค๊ตญ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌด์ญ ์ ์์ด ์์๋์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋๊ตญ์ด ๊ด์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ฉฐ ํจ๊ถ ๊ฒฝ์์ด ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ถ์ผ๊น์ง ํ๋๋์๋ค."
|
| 979 |
}
|
| 980 |
]
|
| 981 |
},
|
|
|
|
| 984 |
"events": [
|
| 985 |
{
|
| 986 |
"cycle": "Business",
|
| 987 |
+
"event_en": "The COVID-19 pandemic triggers a sudden global recession in 2020, as lockdowns and supply shocks cause output to plunge:contentReference[oaicite:59]{index=59}.",
|
| 988 |
+
"event_ko": "2020๋
์ฝ๋ก๋19 ๋ฒ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋ด์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ํํ์ ์์ฐ๊ณผ ์๋น๊ฐ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์์ถ๋์ด ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ก์๋ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์นจ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค."
|
| 989 |
+
}
|
| 990 |
+
]
|
| 991 |
+
},
|
| 992 |
+
{
|
| 993 |
+
"year": 2022,
|
| 994 |
+
"events": [
|
| 995 |
{
|
| 996 |
"cycle": "Hegemony",
|
| 997 |
+
"event_en": "Russia invades Ukraine in 2022, leading to sweeping Western sanctions against Russia and a realignment of global geopolitical and energy relationships.",
|
| 998 |
+
"event_ko": "2022๋
๋ฌ์์๊ฐ ์ฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋๋ฅผ ์นจ๊ณตํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋์ ๋๋ฌ ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๊ณ ๊ตญ์ ์๋์ง ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง๊ณผ ์๋ณด ์งํ์ ์ค๋ํ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค."
|
| 999 |
}
|
| 1000 |
]
|
| 1001 |
}
|
| 1002 |
+
]
|